Table 4.
Association of GPS Measures and Incident Emergency Department Visits Over 12 Months
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IRR | 95% CI | p | IRR | 95% CI | p | |
| Median SDE area | ||||||
| Quartile 1 versus 4 | 1.02 | 0.38–2.74 | 0.96 | 1.29 | 0.49–3.37 | 0.61 |
| Quartile 2 versus 4 | 1.02 | 0.40–2.62 | 0.97 | 1.46 | 0.58–3.65 | 0.42 |
| Quartile 3 versus 4 | 0.78 | 0.28–2.20 | 0.64 | 1.12 | 0.38–3.36 | 0.83 |
| Median SDE compactness | ||||||
| Quartile 1 versus 4 | 1.62 | 0.56–4.72 | 0.38 | 1.52 | 0.54–4.31 | 0.43 |
| Quartile 2 versus 4 | 1.78 | 0.64–4.93 | 0.27 | 1.44 | 0.54–3.86 | 0.46 |
| Quartile 3 versus 4 | 1.29 | 0.45–3.71 | 0.64 | 1.46 | 0.53–4.03 | 0.46 |
| Median % of time outside of home | ||||||
| Continuous (per 5%) | 1.02 | 0.87–1.21 | 0.78 | 1.01 | 0.87–1.18 | 0.85 |
| Quartile 1 versus 4 | 0.95 | 0.34–2.61 | 0.91 | 0.85 | 0.32–2.26 | 0.74 |
| Quartile 2 versus 4 | 0.83 | 0.30–2.28 | 0.72 | 0.86 | 0.34–2.19 | 0.75 |
| Quartile 3 versus 4 | 1.69 | 0.67–4.24 | 0.26 | 1.29 | 0.55–3.01 | 0.56 |
| Median maximum distance from home | ||||||
| Quartile 1 versus 4 | 0.84 | 0.34–2.07 | 0.71 | 1.02 | 0.41–2.55 | 0.97 |
| Quartile 2 versus 4 | 0.37 | 0.13–1.08 | 0.07 | 0.48 | 0.17–1.36 | 0.17 |
| Quartile 3 versus 4 | 0.65 | 0.27–1.61 | 0.35 | 0.89 | 0.35–2.24 | 0.80 |
Notes: Adjusted models included the following covariates: age, gender, race, BMI, Duke Comorbidity Index, Fall history. CI = confidence interval; IRR = incident rate ratio; SDE = standard deviational ellipse.