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. 2023 Dec 20;14:8477. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-44142-w

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Schematic of NMDA-induced damage experiment. b EdU-labeling in control retinas and following NMDA damage. c Quantification of the number of EdU-labeled cells in all three retinal layers. Control (Cont) n = 13, 7 days recovery (DR) n = 18, 14DR n = 20. Three independent experiments. d The percentage of EdU-labeled cells in the Outer Nuclear Layer (ONL) vs. combined in the Inner Nuclear Layer (INL) and Ganglion Cell Layer (GCL). Cont ONL and INL + GCL n = 13; 7DR ONL and INL + GCL n = 18, 14DR ONL and INL + GCL n = 20. Three independent experiments. e Schematic of light-induced damage (LD) experiment. f EdU-labeling following light damage (LD). g Quantification of the number of EdU-labeled cells in all three retinal layers. 7DR n = 27, 14DR n = 21, 21DR n = 24. Three independent experiments. h The percentage of the EdU-labeled cells in the ONL vs. combined in the INL + GCL. 7DR ONL and INL + GCL n = 27; 14DR ONL and INL + GCL n = 24; 21DR ONL and INL + GCL n = 24. Three independent experiments. i DAPI staining of undamaged retinas and 48, 60, and 72 h after injecting NMDA. j Quantification of the number of DAPI-labeled nuclei in the ONL, INL, and GCL. Cont, 48 h, and 60 h (ONL, INL, GCL) n = 9; 72 h (ONL, INL, GCL) n = 8. k DAPI and HuC/D staining of undamaged retinas and 36, 48, 60, and 72 h after starting constant light treatment. l Quantification of the number of DAPI- or HuC/D-labeled nuclei in the ONL, INL, and GCL. Cont (ONL, INL, GCL) n = 15; 36 h (ONL, INL, GCL) n = 20; 48 h (ONL, INL, GCL) n = 17; 60 h (ONL, INL, GCL) n = 16; 72 h (ONL, INL, GCL) n = 10. Scale bars in (b, f, i) are 20 μm and in (k) is 14 μm. c–h, j, l Data are presented as mean values ± SEM. For statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA was followed by t-test with Dunnett’s method for multiple comparisons correction. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences between the indicated groups (*p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001). Source data are provided as a Source Data file 1.