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. 2023 Dec 20;13:22760. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-50116-1

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mechanical pain hypersensitivity following maternal separation (MS). (a, b) Mechanical head-withdrawal threshold in the whisker pad skin following intraperitoneal (a) or subcutaneous (b) administration of the ROS scavenger N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN) in non-MS and MS rats at 7 weeks (n = 6–7 in each group). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, Mann–Whitney U test. (c) Expression of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) in the whisker pad skin in the non-MS and MS rats at 7 weeks. Red arrows denote TRPA1-immunoreactivity. Scale bars indicate 30 µm. (d) Immunoblot for TRPA1 in the whisker pad skin at 7 weeks in the non-MS and MS rats (n = 6–7). P = 0.77, unpaired t test. (e) Mechanical head-withdrawal threshold in the whisker pad skin 30 min after intraperitoneal administration of the TRPA1 channel antagonist HC-030031 (HC) to non-MS and MS rats at 7 weeks (n = 5–6 in each group). **P < 0.01, Mann–Whitney U test.