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. 2023 Nov 23;31:100752. doi: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.100752

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© 2023.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Role of EVs in the genesis and development of TNBC

The EVs from TNBC contained higher levels of transforming growth factor β 1. This factor can upregulate fibronectin on sinusoidal endothelial cells and promote adhesion of cancer cells to the liver microenvironment. EVs carrying bioactive substances participate in the change of TME, and play a bridge role in the process of tumor development. EVs shuttle through the immune system to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of various immune cells, which facilitates the escape of tumor cells from immune surveillance. TDEs inhibit mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, increase glycolytic carboxylation, and enhance TNBC cell proliferation. EVs act as "sponges" that absorb and regulate the expression of angiogenic factors, thereby promoting tumor angiogenesis.