Table 1.

Chatbots targeting the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) community and professionals working with its members and related studies included in this scoping review.

Application name	Study	Study design	Country	Programming language or languages	Platform	Theoretical framework	Aim	Target users	Development and implementation
Amanda Selfie	Massa et al [33]	Formative study embedded in an RCTa	Salvador, Belo Horizonte, and São Paulo (Brazil)	Dialogflow as AIb engine using Perl and JavaScript with Bottender as development framework communicating with the application programming interface via the Catalyst and Mojo frameworks and with the trial database via PHPc	Facebook Messenger	LGBTQ theories	HIV PrEPd enrollment, linkage, and retention	Members of the LGBTQ community at risk of contracting HIV (young MSMe and transgender women or girls aged 15-19 y)	3 stages (conception, trial, and final version)
Crisis Contact Simulator	Ruiz [37]	N/Af	United States	N/A	N/A	N/A	Crisis	Counselors of members of the LGBTQ community at risk of mental health issues	N/A
HIVST-Chatbot	Chen et al [30]	Protocol for a noninferiority RCT	Hong Kong	N/A	WhatsApp	N/A	HIV self-testing	Members of the LGBTQ community at risk of contracting HIV	N/A
Queer AI	Martinez [36]	N/A	United States	N/A	N/A	Feminist and LGBTQ theories	Community empowerment and connection	Members of the LGBTQ community	N/A
REALbot	Escoobar-Viera et al [31,32]	1-wk exploratory pilot study with a single-group, pretest-posttest design	United States	N/A	Facebook Messenger and Instagram	N/A	Enhancing the social media skills, reducing feelings of isolation, and strengthening connections among LGBTQ youth living in underserved, rural areas	Members of the LGBTQ community	Development, acceptability, usability, satisfaction, and utility testing
TelePrEP Navigator	Braddock et al [29]	Protocol for a trial	Louisiana, United States	Twilio, Studio, and Autopilot	SMS text messaging	N/A	HIV PrEP enrollment	Members of the LGBTQ community at risk of contracting HIV	2 stages (conceptualization and iterative community-engaged development process through 5 rounds of review and feedback)
Tough Talks	Muessig et al [34] and Hightow-Wiedman et al [35]	Formative study	United States	N/A	Mobile device	Social cognitive theory	HIV status disclosure	Young members of the LGBTQ community living with HIV	5 stages

^aRCT: randomized controlled trial.

^bAI: artificial intelligence.

^cPHP: Hypertext Preprocessor.

^dPrEP: pre-exposure prophylaxis.

^eMSM: men who have sex with men.

^fN/A: not applicable.