Table 3. Instruments and Their Range, Accuracy, and Uncertainty Percentage.

instrument	measuring range	accuracy	% δ
AVL GH14D/AH01 piezoelectric pressure transducer	0–250 bar	±0.01 bar	±0.01
AVL 365C crank angle encoder		±1°	±0.2
AVL DI GAS 444 five-gas analyzer
NOx	0–5000 ppm vol	<500 ppm vol: ±50 ppm vol	±0.25
		>500 ppm vol: ±10%
HC	0–20,000 ppm vol	<200 ppm vol: ±10 ppm vol	±0.2
		>200 ppm vol: ±5%
CO	0–10% vol	<0.6% vol: ±0.03% vol	±0.35
		>0.6% vol: ±5%
CO2	0–20% vol	<10% vol: ±0.5% vol	±0.2
		>10% vol: ±5%
O2	0–22% vol	<2% vol: ±0.1% vol	±0.35
		>2% vol: ±5%
AVL 415 smoke meter
smoke intensity	0–10 FSN	0.002 FSN	±1
K-2 thermocouple	0–1250 °C	±1 °C	±0.2
digital stopwatch		±0.2 s	±0.2
U-tube manometer		±1 mm	±1.5
buret	1–30 cm3	±0.2 cm3	±1.5