WRKY23 and bHLH041 are activator and repressor of root stem cell genes, respectively. A) Transcript abundance of root stem cell genes in root explants with forming callus from WT, wrky23-3, and 35S:WRKY23 (upper panel) and WT, bhlh041-1, and bhlh041-D (bottom panel). RT-qPCR analysis was performed with root explants incubated on CIM for 7 d (n = 3 biological replicates). B) Accumulation of WOX5 and PLT1 in the callus-forming roots of WT, wrky23-3, and bhlh041-D. Five-d-old transgenic seedlings carrying a ProWOX5:GFP-ER or ProPLT1:PLT1-YFP transgene were incubated on CIM for 4 d, and GFP fluorescent signals were visualized and quantified at the mature zone of primary roots (n = 10 seedlings). The GFP signals were overlaid with the cells stained with propidium iodide. Scale bar, 50 µm. Data are shown as means ± Sd. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 by t-test.