Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants
| Variable | G+LVH− | Controls | P a | G+LVH+ | Controls | P a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 36) | (n = 36) | (n = 31) | (n = 31) | |||
| Age (years) | 31.3 ± 13.8 | 33.4 ± 12.2 | 0.05 | 47 ± 12 | 45 ± 14 | 0.67 |
| Male/female | 12/24 | 12/24 | 1.00 | 19/12 | 19/12 | 1.00 |
| Ethnicityb | A = 35 C = 0 D = 1 E = 0 |
A = 35 C = 0  D = 1 E = 0 |
1.00 | A = 21 C = 2 D = 5 E = 3 |
A = 21 C = 2  D = 5 E = 3 |
1.00 |
| BSA (m2) | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 0.60 | 1.9 ± 0.2 | 1.9 ± 0.2 | 0.92 |
| LVEDVi (mL/m2) | 73 ± 10 | 74 ± 11 | 0.60 | 74 ± 22 | 72 ± 9 | 0.66 |
| LVESVi (mL/m2) | 21 ± 4 | 24 ± 6 | 0.05 | 22 ± 15 | 23 ± 5 | 0.78 |
| LV EF (%) | 71 ± 4 | 68 ± 4 | 0.02 | 71 ± 10 | 68 ± 5 | 0.13 |
| LV massi (g/m2) | 58 ± 12 | 59 ± 13 | 0.65 | 117 ± 51 | 65 ± 14 | <0.0001 |
| SWTd (mm) | 8.9 ± 1.9 | 8.4 ± 1.2 | 0.13 | 21.0 ± 6.5 | 9.0 ± 1.4 | <0.0001 |
| PWTd (mm) | 6.4 ± 1.4 | 6.4 ± 1.4 | 0.86 | 9.7 ± 3.2 | 7.06 ± 1.6 | <0.001 |
| SdPdR | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 0.59 | 2.3 ± 1.0 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | <0.0001 |
| LA areai (cm2/m2) | 10.9 ± 1.5 | 10.7 ± 1.4 | 0.73 | 15.3 ± 3.4 | 10.0 ± 1.2 | <0.0001 |
| AMVL (mm) | 23.5 ± 3.0 | 19.9 ± 3.1 | <0.0001 | 24.6 ± 4.6 | 19.6 ± 2.8 | <0.0001 |
| LVOTEDd (mm) | 21.4 ± 2.4 | 21.5 ± 1.9 | <0.0001 | 20.4 ± 3.0 | 21.8 ± 4.2 | <0.0001 |
| LVOTESd (mm) | 17.6 ± 2.4 | 18.2 ± 2.2 | <0.0001 | 16.7 ± 3.2 | 19.2 ± 2.1 | <0.0001 |
| LVOTOc | ||||||
| Present Absent |
2 (5.5%) 32 (88.9%) |
0 36 (100%) 
|
0.04 | 17 (54.9%) 14 (45.1%) |
0 31 (100%) 
|
<0.0001 |
| Resting SAM | ||||||
| None Partial Complete Chordal |
34 (94.4%) 2 (5.6%) 0 0 |
36 0  0 0 |
0.15 | 14 (45.1%) 6 (19.4%) 11 (35.5%) 0 |
31 0  0 0 |
<0.0001 |
| LVH distribution | ||||||
| None Sigmoid septal ASH Reversed septal contour ASH Mid-ventricular LVH Apical HCM Symmetric HCM |
36 0 0 0 0 0 |
36 0 0  0 0 0 |
1.00 | 0 26 0 2 1 2 |
31 0 0 0 0 0 |
<0.0001 |
| LVOT–basal septal angle (°) | 143.2 ± 8.6 | 142.9 ± 7.9 | 0.911 | 138.3 ± 12.1 | 137.8 ± 12.3 | 0.805 |
| LGE volume (mL) | 49.3 ± 17.6 | / | / | 112.9 ± 55.7 | / | / |
| Normalized max. antero-posterior displacement | ||||||
| ROIPMVL | 51.7 ± 1.4 | 51.1 ± 2.6 | 0.048 | 41.1 ± 6.6 | 42.2 ± 7.3 | 0.437 |
| ROITRIG | 16.4 ± 2.4 | 15.4 ± 3.3 | 0.161 | 91.1 ± 3.7 | 90.6 ± 4.8 | 0.049 |
| ROIAMVL | 19.1 ± 8.6 | 17.7 ± 9.2 | <0.0001 | 39.4 ± 3.2 | 38.8 ± 3.2 | <0.0001 |
| ROIAAO | 71.8 ± 2.1 | 69.8 ± 3.0 | 0.014 | 99.0 ± 6.3 | 100.5 ± 7.3 | 0.008 |
| Normalized max. supero-inferior displacement | ||||||
| ROIPMVL | 61.1 ± 3.2 | 61.8 ± 3.6 | 0.888 | 55.1 ± 4.2 | 57.7 ± 4.2 | 0.131 |
| ROITRIG | 26.4 ± 2.7 | 24.9 ± 3.4 | 0.012 | 98.8 ± 2.4 | 101.2 ± 4.4 | 0.007 |
| ROIAMVL | 23.4 ± 9.7 | 23.9 ± 9.7 | 0.806 | 47.7 ± 1.2 | 50.7 ± 3.1 | <0.0001 |
| ROIAAO | 79.1 ± 1.9 | 78.2 ± 3.4 | 0.054 | 107.5 ± 4.0 | 110.7 ± 6.6 | 0.042 |
All data are expressed as mean ± SD or counts as appropriate.
AMVL, anterior mitral valve leaflet; ASH, asymmetric septal hypertrophy; BSA, body surface area; EF, ejection fraction; G+/G−, sarcomere gene mutation positive/negative; LA areai, left atrial area indexed to BSA; LVEDVi, left ventricular end-diastolic volume indexed to BSA; LVESVi, left ventricular end-systolic volume indexed to BSA; LVH+/LVH−, left ventricular hypertrophy present/absent; LVOTED/Sd, left ventricular end-diastolic/systolic diameter; LVOTO, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction; LV massi, left ventricular mass indexed to BSA; Max., maximum; MVAd, mitral valve annular diameter (in end-diastole); SAM, systolic anterior motion; SdPdR, diastolic septal to diastolic posterior wall thickness ratio; S/PWTd, maximal septal/posterior wall thickness in diastole.
aSignificant P values are highlighted in bold.
bEthnic headings are defined in accordance with UK Office for National Statistics guidance on national standards: A = White; B = Mixed; C = Asian or Asian Black; D = Black or Black British; E = Chinese or other ethnic groups (including Arab).
cLVOTO assessed by echocardiography.