Table 5.
Summary of the most relevant studies involving synbiotics treatments in UC.
| Sr. No. | Synbiotic | Outcome Results | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bifidobacterium longum plus inulin-oligofructose Treatment time: one month | Sigmoidoscopy scores ↓ β defensins 2, 3, and 4 ↓ CRP TNF-α ↓; IL-1β↓; IgA and IgG production↔ | Furrie, 2005. |
| 2 | Bifidobacterium longum plus psyllium Treatment time: 4 weeks | CRP ↓ IBDQ (total, bowel, systemic, emotional, and social functional scores) ↑ | Fujimori et al., 2009. |
| 3 | Lactobacillus Paracasei B 20160 + XOS Treatment time: 8 weeks | Serum IL-6, IL-8 ↓ Serum TNF-α, IL-1-β ↔ PBMC., IL-8 ↓ | Federico et al. (2009) |
| 4 | Bifidobacterium breve strain Yakult plus galactooligosaccharides Treatment time: one-year | MPO ↓ Bacteroidaceae ↓ fecal pH ↓ clinical status: improved | Ishikawa et al., 2011. |
| 5 | Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5®, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus LBY-27, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12® and Streptococcus thermophilus STY-31™ plus oligofructose Treatment time: One month | Microflora spectrum ↔ | Ahmed et al., 2013. |
| 6 | Streptococcus faecalis T-110 JPC, Clostridium butyricum TO-A, Bacillus mesentricus TO-A JPC, Lactobacillus sporogenes plus prebiotic Treatment time: 3 months | Severity score ↓ Steroid intake ↓ Relapse during follow-up (3 months) ↓ Duration of remission ↑ | Malathi et al., 2019. |
| 7 | A symbiotic which concluded six probiotics: Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus plantarum, Streptococcus thermophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium longum and fructooligosaccharide | The change in the CRP and sedimentation values had a statistically significant decrease in the synbiotic group (P = 0.003). The improvement in clinical activity was significantly higher in the synbiotic group (p < 0.05) | Kamarli et al., 2019. |
| 8 | Lactobacillus plantarum LP90 and Soluble dietary fibre obtained from Lentinula edodes by-products | Alleviated colitis | Xue et al., 2023. |
| 9 | Bifidobacterium infantis and Bifidobacterium longum and Equal parts FOS, GOS and XOS | Increased diversity of the microbiome and be associated with more SCFAs, and less gut inflammation | Ivanovska et al., 2017. |
| 10 | L. paracasei and Opuntia humifusa extract (mucilage + pectin) | Effective (greater abundance of L. paracasei in fecal microbial analysis, lower serum corticosterone levels, lower TNF-α levels in the colon tissue | Seong et al., 2020. |
| 11 | VSL#3 and Yacon (6% FOS + inulin) | Preservation of intestinal architecture, improve intestinal integrity, increased expression of antioxidant enzymes and concentration of organic acids | Dos Santos Cruz et al., 2020. |
| 12 | Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. Rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium lactis and Inulin | Increased the proportion of helpful bacteria and regulated the balance of intestinal microbiota, reduced the degree of inflammation in acute colitis mice | Wang et al., 2019. |
| 13 | LGG and Tagatose | Effective (gut microbiota composition recovered from the dysbiosis caused by DSS treatment) | Son et al., 2019. |
| 14 | L. Casey 01 and Oligofructose-enriched inulin | Assessment of colonic damage, inflammation scoring, MPO and microbiological studies are done and its effects on the UC | Ivanovska et al., 2017. |
| 15 | Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum, Streptococcus thermophiles and FOS | Mitigated symptoms in patients with UC and suggested to use pre probiotics in the standard treatment, particularly in those with more than five years of the disease | Amiriani et al., 2020. |
| 16 | Food products containing B. animalis and amylose corn starch Data not available Data not available | L. plantarum utilise oat β-glucooligosaccharides to Promote the growth of bifidobacteria | Bruno et al., 2002. |
| 17 | Curd containing B. longum and fructooligosaccharide (FOS) | Promote the growth of B. longum | Hughes and Hoover, 1995; Linares et al., 2017; Cicero et al., 2021 |
| 18 | Oral synbiotic preparation containing L. plantarum and FOS | Promotes growth of L. plantarum ATCC202195 | Panigrahi et al., 2017. |
| 19 | Synbiotics containing five probiotics (L. plantarum, L. delbrueckii spp. bulgaricus, L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium bifidum) and inulin | Adult subjects with NASH (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis) demonstrated a significant reduction of IHTG (intrahepatic triacylglycerol) | Wong et al., 2013. |
| 20 | Synbiotic product containing L. rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium lactis, inulin and oligofructose | Increased level of intestinal IgA, reduced blood cholesterol levels and lower blood pressure | Pathmakanthan et al., 2002; Perez-Conesa et al., 2006. |
| 21 | L. rhamnosus CGMCC1.3724 and inulin | Reduction in leptin increase in Lachnospiraceae | Sanchez et al., 2014. |
| 22 | L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosus, B. bifidum, B. longum, E. faecium and FOS | Decrease in TC, LDL-C and total oxidative stress serum levels | Ipar et al., 2015. |
| 23 | L. sporogenes and inulin | Significant reduction in serum insulin levels and homeostatic model assessment cell function | Tajadadi-Ebrahimi et al., 2014. |
| 24 | L. casei, L. rhamnosus, S. thermophilus, B. breve, L. acidophilus, B. longum, L. bulgaricus and FOS | The levels of fasting blood sugar and insulin resistance improved significantly | Eslamparast et al., 2014. |
| 25 | L. plantarum La-5, B. animalis subsp. lactisBB-12 and dietary fibres | Improvement in the IBS score and satisfaction in bowel movement reported | Smid et al., 2016. |
| 26 | L. rhamnosus GG, B. lactis Bb12 and inulin | Increased production of interferon-ϒ | Safavi et al., 2013. |
Increase, ↑; decrease, ↓; equivalent; ↔.