Table 5.

Performance of deep learning optimized with integrated evolutionary learning in predicting cases of ADHD using multimodal and neural-only feature types.

Age of case determination	Accuracy (%)	Precision (%)	Recall (%)	AUROC
(A)
New onset at age 11–12 years	86.1	81.7	83.7	0.919
All cases at age 11–12 years	93.7	91.8	91.6	0.985
(B)
New onset at age 11–12 years	79.1	73.9	74.4	0.841
All cases at age 11–12 years	63.7	59.5	49.5	0.654

Performance statistics of accuracy, precision, recall, and the AUROC are shown for the most accurate model obtained with deep learning optimized with integrated evolutionary learning using (A) multimodal features and (B) only neural features. We used features obtained at 9–10 years of age to predict new onset cases of ADHD at 11–12 years of age, as well as all prevailing cases at 11–12 years of age. Corresponding ROC curves may be viewed in Supplementary Figures 1, 2.