Fig. 8. Schematic illustration summarising the findings of the current work.

FTO expression increases gradually with puberty onset and peaks at the puberty stage. Overexpression of FTO leads to decreased m⁶A modification levels of PLCβ3 mRNA, which results in higher mRNA and protein levels of PLCβ3. The enhancement of PLCβ3 can activate the Ca²⁺ signalling pathway to promote GnRH expression. Overexpression of FTO in the ARC of the hypothalamus also promotes early puberty and disrupts ovarian development. The picture materials were downloaded from BioRender (https://www.biorender.com).