. 2023 Nov 15;20:100997. doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100997

Table 3.

Quantitation analysis of aroma compounds in tea oil-, sugarcane-, and rice-smoked ducks.

aroma compounds		concentrations (ng/g) ^a
aroma compounds		tea oil smoked duck	sugarcane smoked duck	rice smoked duck
2,3-butanedione	skin	1052.54 ± 95.46^aA	90.66 ± 3.48^cB	1689.25 ± 62.27^bA
2,3-butanedione	meat	385.70 ± 70.77^bB	133.18 ± 17.39^cA	625.76 ± 12.32^aB
pentanal	skin	429.20 ± 47.99^a	89.64 ± 20.50^bA	0^c
pentanal	meat	485.61 ± 108.58^a	0^bB	0^b
2,3-pentanedione	skin	387.02 ± 38.18^bA	23.29 ± 4.75^c	514.39 ± 34.66^aA
2,3-pentanedione	meat	143.85 ± 31.70^bB	19.47 ± 5.10^c	241.15 ± 4.05^aB
hexanal	skin	962.25 ± 80.01^a	158.95 ± 1.95^cB	270.32 ± 11.55^bB
hexanal	meat	988.14 ± 183.04^a	202.33 ± 4.17^cA	354.35 ± 3.53^bA
2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine	skin	11.68 ± 0.62^A	10.69 ± 1.65^A	13.07 ± 1.43^A
2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine	meat	0^B	0^B	0^B
2-heptanone	skin	59.67 ± 6.27^aA	0^b	0^b
2-heptanone	meat	0^B	0	0
heptanal	skin	99.61 ± 9.78^aA	0^c	56.73 ± 5.50^bA
heptanal	meat	45.43 ± 10.34^aB	0^c	21.74 ± 2.74^bB
eucalyptol	skin	0^b	307.08 ± 23.66^aA	0^b
eucalyptol	meat	0^b	67.81 ± 4.54^aB	0^b
2-pentylfuran	skin	106.19 ± 9.84^aA	4.70 ± 0.11^bA	0^c
2-pentylfuran	meat	30.08 ± 7.61^aB	0^bB	0^b
2-methylpyrazine	skin	93.86 ± 13.30^b	11.55 ± 4.54^c	433.90 ± 43.58^a
2-methylpyrazine	meat	97.96 ± 34.77^b	8.23 ± 3.08^c	373.30 ± 6.34^a
octanal	skin	60.53 ± 5.65^aA	0^c	28.32 ± 5.39^bA
octanal	meat	17.44 ± 4.76^aB	0^b	0^bB
(E)-2-heptenal	skin	51.45 ± 5.25^bA	16.73 ± 2.14^cA	64.97 ± 4.53^aA
(E)-2-heptenal	meat	17.41 ± 4.58^aB	0^bB	0^bB
2,6-dimethylpyrazine	skin	0^b	22.59 ± 6.20^a	0^bB
2,6-dimethylpyrazine	meat	0^c	20.96 ± 0.64^a	14.29 ± 0.34^bA
2-methyl-3-furanthiol	skin	2.11 ± 0.21^bA	2.94 ± 0.17^aA	2.79 ± 0.41^a
2-methyl-3-furanthiol	meat	1.46 ± 0.04^cB	2.03 ± 0.03^bB	3.25 ± 0.02^a
2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine	skin	10.57 ± 3.61^aA	6.13 ± 0.78^bA	0^c
2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine	meat	0^B	0^B	0
nonanal	skin	223.07 ± 20.93^aA	48.09 ± 2.75^cA	140.97 ± 16.46^bA
nonanal	meat	91.57 ± 28.27^aB	16.95 ± 0.68^bB	28.30 ± 2.02^bB
2-ethenylpyrazine	skin	9.32 ± 0.40^A	9.70 ± 0.35^A	7.71 ± 4.70^A
2-ethenylpyrazine	meat	0^B	0^B	0^B
5-ethyl-2,3-dimethylpyrazine	skin	0^B	0	0^B
5-ethyl-2,3-dimethylpyrazine	meat	9.45 ± 2.87^aA	0^b	15.97 ± 0.55^aA
methional	skin	54.55 ± 6.70^bB	54.18 ± 1.56^bB	98.23 ± 4.32^aB
methional	meat	83.02 ± 14.21^bA	75.20 ± 1.32^bA	119.90 ± 5.00^aA
1-octen-3-ol	skin	912.01 ± 88.44^aA	27.36 ± 2.48^bA	0^cB
1-octen-3-ol	meat	845.62 ± 225.35^aB	18.32 ± 1.14^cB	97.47 ± 7.37^bA
2-furfural	skin	4707.83 ± 399.30^b	1664.82 ± 133.21^c	10714.71 ± 745.26^aA
2-furfural	meat	3908.51 ± 870.07^b	1693.68 ± 86.01^c	8906.42 ± 151.65^aB
benzaldehyde	skin	110.63 ± 16.52^a	0^b	0^b
benzaldehyde	meat	72.20 ± 20.75^a	0^b	0^b
2-furanmethanol	skin	1853.72 ± 92.34^b	2010.15 ± 96.16^b	4255.31 ± 293.21^aA
2-furanmethanol	meat	1935.27 ± 268.07^b	2123.14 ± 78.93^b	3103.30 ± 24.17^aB
(E, E)-2,4-decadienal	skin	2620.16 ± 175.69^aA	0^b	2357.91 ± 270.91^aA
(E, E)-2,4-decadienal	meat	0^B	0	0^B
anethole	skin	0^b	5242.87 ± 215.76^aA	0^b
anethole	meat	0^b	3256.67 ± 83.28^aB	0^b
1-methylnaphthalene	skin	16.85 ± 1.59^aA	1.10 ± 0.18^bA	14.50 ± 2.19^aA
1-methylnaphthalene	meat	4.23 ± 3.04^aB	0^bB	0^bB
2-methoxyphenol	skin	12.05 ± 3.94^cA	1061.55 ± 58.72^aA	690.10 ± 76.67^bA
2-methoxyphenol	meat	0^cB	950.21 ± 33.35^aB	216.15 ± 12.52^bB
2-methylphenol	skin	482.94 ± 27.19^bA	0^cB	1735.90 ± 142.20^aA
2-methylphenol	meat	250.04 ± 32.86^bB	402.01 ± 7.51^aA	439.54 ± 17.04^aB
4-methylphenol	skin	1326.79 ± 63.97^bA	1527.45 ± 41.11^bA	4072.96 ± 325.09^aA
4-methylphenol	meat	840.10 ± 73.85^bB	1259.80 ± 20.41^aB	1227.70 ± 42.24^aB
3-methylphenol	skin	290.17 ± 29.21^cA	531.07 ± 21.37^bA	1531.21 ± 154.85^aA
3-methylphenol	meat	0^bB	0^bB	259.68 ± 17.85^aB
3-ethylphenol	skin	107.87 ± 9.30^cA	1444.76 ± 37.83^aA	694.95 ± 86.92^bA
3-ethylphenol	meat	0^bB	901.39 ± 20.52^aB	0^bB

means ± standard deviation (n = 3). Data in the same row with different superscripts (a, b and c) are significantly different at a level of p < 0.05. Data in the same column with different superscripts (A and B) are significantly different at a level of p < 0.05.