Table 1.
The baseline characteristics of the study population
| Characteristic | Overall (n = 776) | Premenopausal (n = 317) | Postmenopausal (n = 459) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 52.00 (45.00, 61.00) | 44.00 (38.00, 47.00) | 59.00 (54.00, 64.00) | < 0.001 |
| Smoking, yes, n (%) | 47 (6.1) | 11 (3.5) | 36 (7.8) | 0.018 |
| Drinking, yes, n (%) | 15 (1.9) | 9 (2.8) | 6 (1.3) | 0.208 |
| Diabetes, yes, n (%) | 66 (8.5) | 5 (1.6) | 61 (13.3) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension, yes, n (%) | 113 (14.6) | 9 (2.8) | 104 (22.7) | < 0.001 |
| Coronary heart disease, yes, n (%) | 28 (3.6) | 1 (0.3) | 27 (5.9) | < 0.001 |
| Family history of tumor, yes, n (%) | 134 (17.3) | 57 (18.0) | 77 (16.8) | |
| Tumor stage, n (%) | 0.835 | |||
| I | 147 (18.9) | 63 (19.9) | 84 (18.3) | |
| II | 248 (32.0) | 99 (31.2) | 149 (32.5) | |
| III | 132 (17.0) | 57 (18.0) | 75 (16.3) | |
| IV | 249 (32.1) | 98 (30.9) | 151 (32.9) | |
| Surgery, n (%) | 94 (12.1) | 38 (12.0) | 56 (12.2) | 1 |
| Chemotherapy, n (%) | 508 (65.5) | 216 (68.1) | 292 (63.6) | 0.22 |
| Radiotherapy, n (%) | 43 (5.5) | 18 (5.7) | 25 (5.4) | 1 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L, median (IQR) | 123.00 (112.00, 133.00) | 121.00 (110.00, 131.00) | 125.00 (113.00, 135.00) | 0.001 |
| WBC, 109/L, median (IQR) | 5.40 (4.37, 6.73) | 5.32 (4.30, 6.60) | 5.44 (4.42, 6.86) | 0.268 |
| Neutrophil, 109/L, median (IQR) | 3.19 (2.40, 4.27) | 3.16 (2.33, 4.20) | 3.20 (2.44, 4.33) | 0.497 |
| Lymphocyte, 109/L, median (IQR) | 1.56 (1.22, 1.99) | 1.52 (1.19, 1.95) | 1.58 (1.25, 2.01) | 0.139 |
| Platelets, 109/L, median (IQR) | 234.00 (189.00, 290.00) | 246.73 (198.00, 297.00) | 226.00 (182.00, 278.00) | 0.002 |
| Cholesterol, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 4.75 (4.18, 5.47) | 4.52 (3.93, 5.19) | 4.93 (4.34, 5.66) | < 0.001 |
| HDL, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 1.27 (1.08, 1.51) | 1.29 (1.13, 1.57) | 1.25 (1.06, 1.49) | 0.038 |
| LDL, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 2.85 (2.33, 3.44) | 2.67 (2.24, 3.26) | 2.99 (2.42, 3.53) | < 0.001 |
| Triglyceride, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 1.57 (1.11, 2.14) | 1.41 (0.99, 1.99) | 1.68 (1.19, 2.28) | < 0.001 |
| Blood glucose, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 5.26 (4.82, 5.82) | 5.05 (4.67, 5.50) | 5.48 (4.91, 6.11) | < 0.001 |
| Total protein, g/L, median (IQR) | 69.50 (65.00, 73.40) | 69.40 (64.80, 73.60) | 69.50 (65.20, 73.30) | 0.551 |
| Albumin, g/L, median (IQR) | 40.95 (37.60, 43.90) | 41.20 (37.80, 44.00) | 40.70 (37.55, 43.80) | 0.251 |
| Tbil, μmol/L, median (IQR) | 9.30 (6.60, 12.20) | 8.60 (6.30, 11.30) | 9.50 (7.05, 12.60) | 0.004 |
| Dbil, μmol/L, median (IQR) | 2.70 (2.10, 3.60) | 2.60 (2.00, 3.70) | 2.80 (2.10, 3.50) | 0.621 |
| AST, U/L, median (IQR) | 22.00 (18.00, 29.00) | 21.60 (17.40, 28.00) | 22.60 (18.85, 29.80) | 0.033 |
| ALT, U/L, median (IQR) | 19.00 (13.00, 29.42) | 18.90 (12.10, 30.00) | 19.00 (13.80, 29.10) | 0.146 |
| Creatinine, μmol/L, median (IQR) | 57.00 (51.00, 63.00) | 56.10 (51.00, 62.00) | 57.40 (50.95, 63.65) | 0.342 |
| BUN, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 4.70 (3.87, 5.78) | 4.36 (3.67, 5.24) | 4.95 (4.01, 6.06) | < 0.001 |
| Height, cm, median (IQR) | 158.0 (155.0, 162.0) | 158.0 (155.0, 162.0) | 158.0 (155.0, 161.0) | 0.116 |
| Weight, kg, median (IQR) | 58.65 (54.00, 65.23) | 57.00 (52.50, 64.00) | 61.00 (55.00, 67.00) | < 0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2, median (IQR) | 23.83 (21.60, 26.17) | 22.75 (20.70, 25.00) | 24.41 (22.07, 26.71) | < 0.001 |
| BMI4group (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Underweight | 37 (4.8) | 20 (6.3) | 17 (3.7) | |
| Normal weight | 366 (47.2) | 180 (56.8) | 186 (40.5) | |
| Overweight | 270 (34.8) | 90 (28.4) | 180 (39.2) | |
| Obesity | 103 (13.3) | 27 (8.5) | 76 (16.6) | |
| MAC, cm, median (IQR) | 27.45 (25.00, 29.50) | 27.00 (25.00, 29.00) | 27.80 (25.60, 30.00) | 0.005 |
| TSF, cm, median (IQR) | 22.00 (16.00, 28.00) | 22.00 (16.00, 28.00) | 22.00 (16.00, 26.00) | 0.65 |
| MAMC, cm, median (IQR) | 20.73 (18.60, 22.60) | 20.48 (17.71, 22.54) | 20.84 (19.09, 22.68) | 0.006 |
| CC, cm, median (IQR) | 34.00 (32.00, 36.50) | 34.00 (31.50, 36.50) | 34.00 (32.00, 36.50) | 0.872 |
| Grip, Kg, median (IQR) | 20.60 (16.48, 24.70) | 22.00 (18.00, 26.00) | 19.70 (15.45, 23.70) | < 0.001 |
| Grip strength, median (IQR) | 0.34 (0.27, 0.42) | 0.38 (0.31, 0.46) | 0.32 (0.25, 0.40) | < 0.001 |
| PGSGA, n (%) | 1 | |||
| No malnutrition | 495 (63.8) | 202 (63.7) | 293 (63.8) | |
| Malnutrition | 281 (36.2) | 115 (36.3) | 166 (36.2) | |
| GLIM, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| No malnutrition | 611 (78.7) | 226 (71.3) | 385 (83.9) | |
| Malnutrition | 165 (21.3) | 91 (28.7) | 74 (16.1) | |
| CONUT, n (%) | 0.023 | |||
| No malnutrition | 409 (52.7) | 151 (47.6) | 258 (56.2) | |
| Malnutrition | 367 (47.3) | 166 (52.4) | 201 (43.8) | |
| NRI, n (%) | 0.653 | |||
| No malnutrition | 665 (85.7) | 269 (84.9) | 396 (86.3) | |
| Malnutrition | 111 (14.3) | 48 (15.1) | 63 (13.7) | |
| PNI, n (%) | 0.315 | |||
| No malnutrition | 696 (89.7) | 289 (91.2) | 407 (88.7) | |
| Malnutrition | 80 (10.3) | 28 (8.8) | 52 (11.3) | |
| CPNI, n (%) | 0.004 | |||
| No malnutrition | 436 (56.2) | 198 (62.5) | 238 (51.9) | |
| Malnutrition | 340 (43.8) | 119 (37.5) | 221 (48.1) | |
WBC, white blood cells; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Tbil, total bilirubin; Dbil, direct bilirubin; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, glutamate aminotransferase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; BMI, body mass index; MAC, mid-arm circumference; TSF, triceps skinfold; MAMC, midarm muscle circumference; CC, calf-circumference; PGSGA, the patient-generated subjective nutrition assessment; GLIM, the global leadership initiative on malnutrition; CONUT, the controlling nutritional status; NRI, the nutritional risk index, PNI, the prognostic nutritional index; CPNI, the cholesterol modified prognostic nutritional index