Figure 2.

Effects of different extracts of seeds and rinds of passion fruits on (A) DPPH radical-scavenging activities, (B) acetylcholinesterase inhibition, (C) anti-amyloid-β_1-42 peptide aggregations, (D) neuroprotective activities against hydrogen peroxide (100 μM)-induced cell death in SH-SY5Y cell models, and (E) neuroprotective activities against amyloid-β_25-35 peptide (40 μg/mL)-induced cell death in SH-SY5Y cell models. For (D,E), the blank was a 0.1% DMSO addition, the control was (0.1% DMSO + 100 μM hydrogen peroxide) or (0.1% DMSO + 40 μg/mL amyloid-β_25-35 peptide) addition. IC₅₀ represented the concentrations for 50% inhibition in the present study. S, de-oiled seed powders; 95EE, 95% ethanol extracts; 50EE, 50% ethanol extracts; HWE, hot-water extracts. Student’s t-test was used to compare neuroprotective activities between (the control) versus (each sample treatment) or (the control) versus (the blank). It was considered a statistically significant difference when p < 0.05 *, p < 0.01 **, or p < 0.001 ***.