Table 3.
Risk factors for the presence of oral HPV infection among women with CIN2+.
| Oral HPV NOT Detected | Oral HPV Present |
p 1 | OR (95% IS) | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 288 | N = 8 | |||||
| Age (years) | ≤30 | 102 (35.4%) | 4 (50.0%) | 0.442 | Ref. | |
| 31–50 | 161 (55.9%) | 3 (27.5%) | 0.475 (0.104; 2.167) | 0.336 | ||
| >50 | 25 (8.7%) | 1 (12.5%) | 1.020 (0.109; 9.529) | 0.986 | ||
| Number of pregnancies | 0 | 101 (35.1%) | 1 (12.5%) | 0.005 | Ref. | |
| 1 | 46 (16.0%) | 5 (62.5%) | 10.978 (1.247; 96.648) | 0.031 | ||
| 2 | 69 (24.0%) | 2 (25.0%) | 2.928 (0.260; 32.919) | 0.384 | ||
| 3 and more | 72 (25.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | - | - | ||
| Number of deliveries | 0 | 116 (40.3%) | 3 (27.5%) | 0.109 | Ref. | |
| 1 | 60 (20.8%) | 4 (50.0%) | 2.578 (0.559; 11.893) | 0.225 | ||
| 2 and more | 112 (38.9%) | 1 (12.5%) | 0.345 (0.035; 3.369) | 0.360 | ||
| Contraception and hormone use | Not used | 165 (57.3%) | 5 (62.5%) | 0.999 | Ref. | |
| Oral contraception | 102 (35.4%) | 3 (27.5%) | 0.971 (0.227; 4.148) | 0.968 | ||
| Inserted IUD | 18 (6.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | - | - | ||
| Progestins pills | 1 (0.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | - | - | ||
| HRT | 2 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | - | - | ||
| Autoimmune diseases | No | 277 (96.2%) | 6 (75.0%) | 0.255 | Ref. | |
| Yes | 11 (3.8%) | 1 (12.5%) | 4.197 (0.465; 37.919) | 0.202 | ||
| Smoking (packs per week) | 0 | 161 (55.9%) | 6 (75.0%) | 0.484 | Ref. | |
| 1–2 | 56 (19.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | - | - | ||
| 3 and more | 71 (24.7%) | 2 (25.0%) | 0.756 (0.149; 3.837) | 0.736 | ||
| History of genital warts | Never | 232 (80.6%) | 5 (62.5%) | 0.029 | Ref. | |
| In partner only | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (15.0%) | - | - | ||
| Yes | 19 (6.6%) | 3 (27.5%) | 7.326 (1.625; 33.026) | 0.010 | ||
| Sexual debut | <16 years | 64 (22.2%) | 1 (12.5%) | 0.512 | Ref. | |
| 16–17 years | 143 (49.7%) | 6 (75.0%) | 2.685 (0.317; 22.765) | 0.365 | ||
| 18 and more years | 81 (28.1%) | 1 (12.5%) | 0.790 (0.048; 12.878) | 0.869 | ||
| Lifetime sexual partners | 1–2 | 24 (8.3%) | 1 (12.5%) | 0.848 | Ref. | |
| 3–9 | 191 (66.3%) | 5 (62.5%) | 0.628 (0.070; 5.606) | 0.677 | ||
| 10 and more | 72 (25.0%) | 2 (25.0%) | 0.667 (0.058; 7.683) | 0.745 | ||
| Unprotected vaginal intercourse | Never | 25 (8.7%) | 2 (25.0%) | 0.108 | Ref. | |
| Sometimes | 187 (64.9%) | 3 (27.5%) | 0.201 (0.032; 1.259) | 0.087 | ||
| Always | 76 (26.4%) | 3 (27.5%) | 0.493 (0.078; 3.124) | 0.453 | ||
| Sexual non-coital contact with the anus | Never | 71 (24.7%) | 3 (27.5%) | 0.710 | Ref. | |
| Sometimes | 155 (53.8%) | 4 (50.0%) | 0.611 (0.133; 2.801) | 0.526 | ||
| Often/always | 60 (20.8%) | 1 (12.5%) | 0.394 (0.040; 3.892) | 0.426 | ||
| Anal-penetrative intercourse | Never | 169 (58.7%) | 6 (75.0%) | 0.508 | Ref. | |
| Sometimes | 117 (40.6%) | 2 (25.0%) | 0.481 (0.096; 2.427) | 0.376 | ||
| Often/always | 2 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | - | - | ||
| Education | Elementary | 71 (24.6%) | 2 (25.0%) | 0.600 | Ref. | |
| High school | 116 (40.3%) | 2 (25.0%) | 0.612 (0.084; 4.442) | 0.627 | ||
| University | 99 (34.4%) | 4 (50.0%) | 1.434 (0.256; 8.046) | 0.682 | ||
| History of conization during last year | No | 280 (97.2%) | 8 (100.0%) | 0.999 | Ref. | |
| Yes | 8 (2.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | - | - | ||
| Active practicing of oral sex | Never | 26 (9.0%) | 1 (12.5%) | 0.855 | Ref. | |
| Sometimes | 194 (67.4%) | 5 (62.5%) | 0.670 (0.075; 5.962) | 0.720 | ||
| Often/always | 68 (23.6%) | 2 (25.0%) | 0.765 (0.066; 8.797) | 0.830 | ||
| HPV vaccination | No | 267 (92.7%) | 8 (100.0%) | 0.999 | Ref. | |
| Yes | 12 (4.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | - | - | ||
| Cervical HPV infection | No | 57 (19.8%) | 3 (37.5%) | 0.630 | Ref. | |
| Yes | 231 (80.2%) | 5 (62.5%) | 1.617 (0.117; 3.261) | 0.570 | ||
| Anal HPV infection | No | 159 (61.9%) | 3 (37.5%) | 0.268 | Ref. | |
| Yes | 98 (38.1%) | 5 (62.5%) | 2.704 (0.632; 11.566) | 0.180 |
1 p-value of Fisher’s exact test.