Table 1.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of the study population.
| Characteristics | Overall | CAKUT | Non-CAKUT | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 139 | N = 76 | N = 63 | p Value | |
| Age, years | 9.6 (5.6–14.2) | 9 (5–13.1) | 11 (6.5–15.4) | 0.03 |
| Male sex | 79 (56.8%) | 46 (60.5%) | 33 (52.4%) | 0.391 |
| CKD stage | 0.429 | |||
| Stage G1 | 104 (74.8%) | 53 (69.7%) | 51 (81%) | |
| Stage G2 | 23 (16.5%) | 16 (21.1%) | 7 (11.1%) | |
| Stage G3 | 10 (7.2%) | 6 (7.9%) | 4 (6.3%) | |
| Stage G4 | 2 (1.4%) | 1 (1.3%) | 1 (1.6%) | |
| Body height, cm | 131.8 (114.4–159.9) | 129.6 (108.2–153.5) | 143.7 (120–164) | 0.032 |
| Body weight, kg | 32.2 (20–51) | 24.9 (18.9–45.8) | 36.4 (22.3–54.7) | 0.029 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 17.4 (15.6–20.4) | 16.8 (14.8–19.1) | 18 (16.3–21.2) | 0.032 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 109 (100–120) | 109 (100–118) | 110 (100–122) | 0.351 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 68 (63–75) | 67 (60–74) | 69 (64–78) | 0.156 |
| Hypertension (by office BP) | 28 (20.1%) | 13 (17.1%) | 15 (23.8%) | 0.521 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 12 (10–14) | 13 (10.3–15) | 11 (10–13) | 0.054 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.5 (0.42–0.69) | 0.51 (0.43–0.72) | 0.5 (0.4–0.61) | 0.313 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 108 (89–125) | 102 (85–116) | 120 (95–132) | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 87 (83–92) | 87.4 (84–91.8) | 87 (82.5–92) | 0.515 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 164 (146–187) | 162 (143–179) | 172 (148–198) | 0.091 |
| Low-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 88 (71–107) | 83 (68–98) | 97 (80–123) | 0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 67 (49–102) | 61 (47–78) | 82 (61–133) | 0.001 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 5.3 (4–6.3) | 5.1 (4–6.2) | 5.7 (4.3–6.9) | 0.117 |
| Sodium (mEq/L) | 141 (137–142) | 141 (140–142) | 140 (139–142) | 0.069 |
| Potassium (mEq/L) | 4.4 (4.2–4.5) | 4.4 (4.2–4.6) | 4.3 (4.1–4.5) | 0.186 |
| Calcium (mg/dL) | 9.7 (9.4–9.9) | 9.8 (9.5–10) | 9.5 (9.1–9.8) | 0.001 |
| Phosphate (mg/dL) | 4.9 (4.5–5.3) | 5.1 (4.8–5.4) | 4.7 (4.3–5.2) | 0.007 |
| UPCR (mg/g) | 63.2 (42.5–261.6) | 52 (37.9–72) | 200.8 (54.2–944.7) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.4 (12.5–14.3) | 13.5 (12.5–14.3) | 13.2 (12.4–14.5) | 0.628 |
| Platelet (109/L) | 287 (253–331) | 292 (259–326) | 283 (242–346) | 0.881 |
Data presented as N (%) or median (IQR). CAKUT = congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; UPCR = urine protein-to-creatinine ratio.