Table 6.
Multilevel regression models examining the effects of bullying role scores (PRQ) and externalizing problems (TSDQ) (unstandardized B (SE)). Model 1 is unadjusted, while model 2 is adjusted for age and sex. Models 3 (unadjusted) and 4 (adjusted for age and sex, where ‘boy’ = 0 and ‘girl’ = 1) additionally examine for the effect of school-level disadvantage. School N = 50.
| Model 1 (N = 2665) |
Model 2 (N = 2640) |
Model 3 (N = 2665) |
Model 4 (N = 2640) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intercept | 2.24 (0.16) *** | 2.54 (0.35) *** | 2.11 (0.22) *** | 2.39 (0.38) *** |
| Bully perpetrator | 0.60 (0.05) *** | 0.55 (0.05) *** | 0.68(0.08) *** | 0.58 (0.08) *** |
| Reinforcer | 0.06 (0.05) | 0.06 (0.05) | 0.02 (0.07) | 0.02 (0.07) |
| Defender | −0.10 (0.02) *** | −0.08 (0.02) ** | −0.10 (0.04) ** | −0.07 (0.04) * |
| Outsider | −0.11 (0.03) *** | −0.10 (0.03) ** | −0.11 (0.03) *** | −0.10 (0.03) ** |
| Age | 0.00 (0.04) | −0.01 (0.04) | ||
| Sex | −0.93 (0.07) *** | −0.93 (0.07) *** | ||
| School-level disadvantage | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | ||
| School-level disadvantage x Bully Perpetrator | −0.01 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.01) | ||
| School-level disadvantage x Reinforcer | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | ||
| School-level disadvantage x Defender | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.00) | ||
| School-level disadvantage x Outsider | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.00) | ||
| Random Effects Intercept (SD) | 0.38 | 0.40 | 0.37 | 0.37 |
| ICC | 0.04 | 0.045 | 0.037 | 0.038 |
Note: *** p < 0.001. ** p < 0.01. * p < 0.05.