Table 4.
Univariate logistic regression analyses for poor QOL.
| Variables | OR | 95% CI | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic | ||||
| Age ≥ 50 years | 1.263 | 0.418–3.815 | 0.679 | |
| No spouse | 0.968 | 0.272–3.446 | 0.960 | |
| Education < high school | 1.584 | 0.524–4.790 | 0.415 | |
| No religion | 1.062 | 0.362–3.111 | 0.913 | |
| Not employed | 1.152 | 0.399–3.327 | 0.794 | |
| Monthly income < $2000 | 2.065 | 0.713–5.986 | 0.182 | |
| Menopausal | 3.896 | 0.467–32.374 | 0.209 | |
| Having comorbidity | 4.889 | 1.590–15.028 | 0.006 | |
| Clinical | ||||
| Stage 2–3 (ref. stage 0–1) | 1.875 | 0.625–5.629 | 0.262 | |
| MRM (ref. BCS) | 3.015 | 0.991–9.175 | 0.052 | |
| Receiving chemotherapy | 2.209 | 0.572–8.540 | 0.251 | |
| Receiving radiation therapy | 0.547 | 0.181–1.651 | 0.284 | |
| Receiving anti-hormone therapy | 1.021 | 0.289–3.601 | 0.974 | |
| Lifestyle | ||||
| Year 1 | Exercises regularly | 1.015 | 0.037–3.356 | 0.980 |
| Smokes | 1.167 | 0.214–6.348 | 0.858 | |
| Drinks | 0.313 | 0.037–2.653 | 0.287 | |
| Year 2 | Exercises regularly | 1.128 | 0.372–3.425 | 0.831 |
| Smokes | 7.600 | 0.645–89.574 | 0.107 | |
| Drinks | 0.557 | 0.111–2.782 | 0.476 | |
| Year 3 | Exercises regularly | 0.871 | 0.280–2.709 | 0.811 |
| Drinks | 0.677 | 0.169–2.705 | 0.581 | |
| Symptoms | ||||
| Year 1 | Fatigue | 1.603 | 0.479–5.367 | 0.444 |
| Nausea/vomiting | 2.399 | 0.777–7.409 | 0.128 | |
| Pain | 2.647 | 0.900–7.790 | 0.077 | |
| Dyspnea | 3.594 | 1.208–10.688 | 0.021 | |
| Insomnia | 5.889 | 1.840–18.845 | 0.003 | |
| Appetite loss | 1.765 | 0.151–20.658 | 0.651 | |
| Diarrhea | 1.783 | 0.526–6.040 | 0.353 | |
| Financial difficulties | 1.000 | 0.350–2.586 | >0.999 | |
| Anxiety | 3.594 | 1.208–10.688 | 0.021 | |
| Depression | 2.507 | 0.837–7.504 | 0.100 | |
| Year 2 | Fatigue | 13.520 | 3.938–46.423 | <0.001 |
| Nausea/vomiting | 2.600 | 0.790–8.555 | 0.116 | |
| Pain | 5.923 | 1.918–18.295 | 0.002 | |
| Dyspnea | 2.263 | 0.776–6.599 | 0.135 | |
| Insomnia | 3.747 | 1.149–12.221 | 0.028 | |
| Appetite loss | 6.000 | 0.919–39.185 | 0.061 | |
| Diarrhea | 2.000 | 0.582–6.867 | 0.271 | |
| Financial difficulties | 2.037 | 0.697–5.953 | 0.193 | |
| Anxiety | 7.361 | 2.290–23.664 | 0.001 | |
| Depression | 7.286 | 2.307–23.010 | 0.001 | |
| Year 3 | Fatigue | 8.281 | 2.518–27.231 | 0.001 |
| Nausea/vomiting | 4.636 | 1.497–14.361 | 0.008 | |
| Pain | 4.924 | 1.620–14.996 | 0.005 | |
| Dyspnea | 5.923 | 1.918–18.275 | 0.002 | |
| Insomnia | 7.467 | 2.130–26.172 | 0.002 | |
| Appetite loss | 12.200 | 1.184–125.717 | 0.036 | |
| Diarrhea | 1.190 | 0.332–4.271 | 0.789 | |
| Financial difficulties | 2.120 | 0.732–6.136 | 0.166 | |
| Anxiety | 3.769 | 1.245–11.414 | 0.019 | |
| Depression | 7.361 | 2.290–23.664 | 0.001 | |
QOL, quality of life, CI = confidence interval, OR = odds ratio, MRM = modified radical mastectomy, BCS = breast-conserving surgery.