Table 2.
Outcomes from the included patients.
| Study | No. Isolated Skull Fracture on CT | No. Acute Neurosurgery (%) | No. Hospitalized (%) | Length of Hospital Stay | No. Deaths (%) | No. Nonaccidental Trauma Evaluation * (%) | No. Repeated Neuroimaging (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arrey 2015 [11] | 326 | 0 | 271 (83) | <72 h | 0 | 24 (7) | NR |
| Blackwood 2016 [12] | 71 | 0 | 55 (77) | <72 h | 0 | 0 | 3 (4) |
| Brown 2014 [13] | 3 | 0 | 3 (100) | <72 h | 0 | NR | NR |
| Greenes 1997 [14] | 78 | 0 | 78 (100) | <72 h | 0 | NR * | NR |
| Greenes 1999 [15] | 63 | 0 | 24 (44) | <72 h | 0 | NR | NR |
| Hassan 2014 [16] | 128 | 0 | NR | <72 h | 0 | NR | NR |
| Katirci 2013 [17] | 127 | 0 | NR | <72 h | 0 | NR | NR |
| Kommaraju 2019 [18] | 127 | 0 | 127 (100) | <72 h | 0 | NR | 2 |
| Lyons 2016 [19] | 300 | 0 | 213 (71) | <72 h | 0 | 99 (31) | NR |
| Mannix 2013 [20] | 3.915 | 1 (0.03) | 3069 (78) | <72 h | 0 | 186 (6) | 47 (1) |
| Metzger 2014 [21] | 88 | 0 | 50 (57) | <72 h | 0 | 10 (23) | 2 (2) |
| Mizu 2021 [22] | 37 | 0 | 28 (76) | <72 h | 0 | NR | 17 (46) |
| Nakahara 2011 [23] | 4 | 0 | NR | <72 h | 0 | NR | NR |
| Plackett 2015 [24] | 42 | 0 | NR | <72 h | 0 | NR | NR |
| Powell 2015 [25] | 350 | 0 | 201 (57) | <72 h | 0 | NR | 62 (18) |
| Reid 2012 [26] | 82 | 0 | 2 (2) | <72 h | 0 | 2 (2) | NR |
| Reuveni-Salzman 2016 [27] | 222 | 0 | 222 (100) | <72 h | 0 | 2 (1) | 4 (2) |
| Reynolds 2022 [9] | 244 | 0 | 115 | <72 h | 0 | NR | NR |
| Rollins 2011 [28] | 235 | 0 | 177 (75) | <72 h | 0 | 2 (1) | 13 (6) |
| Schunk 1996 [29] | 43 | 0 | 38 (88) | <72 h | 0 | NR | NR |
| Tallapragada 2017 [30] | 167 | 1 (0.6) | 167 (100) | <72 h | 0 | NR | NR |
| Trenchs 2009 [31] | 29 | 0 | 29 (100) | <72 h | 0 | NR | 0 |
| Vogelbaum 1998 [32] | 44 | 0 | 44 (100) | <72 h | 0 | 22 (50) | NR |
| White 2016 [33] | 438 | 0 | 438 (100) | <72 h | 0 | 31 (7) | NR ** |
| Yavuz 2016 [34] | 65 | 0 | NR | <72 h | 0 | NR | NR |
Abbreviations: NR—Non reported. * In ten studies, 101 patients with any skull fracture were evaluated child abuse, being found a total of thirty patients; number not specified for the subgroup of patients with linear nondisplaced skull fractures. ** In this study, 560 patients of the total 619 (181 with an isolated depressed skull fracture and 438 with an isolated nondisplaced skull fracture) received a repeated CT, and no children had new CT findings. The maximum and minimum number of patients with an isolated nondisplaced linear skull fracture who could have received a repeated CT ranged between 438 and 379.