Table 4.
Comparison of demographic, cognitive, and neuropsychiatric data in pre-manifest HD participants according to calculated years to onset: +: higher scores = better performance; #: higher scores = more impairment.
| Years to Calculated Onset |
<5 y n = 138 |
5–<10 y n = 1242 |
10–<15 y n = 1215 |
15–<20 y n = 920 |
>20 y n = 1634 |
F | p | Part. Eta2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Years to onset M (SD) |
4.43 (0.47) | 7.71 (1.40) | 12.44 (1.43) | 17.33 (1.43) | 29.00 (8.60) | 3938.84 | <0.001 | 0.754 |
| TFC; M (SD) + | 12.51 (0.97) | 12.54 (1.01) | 12.70 (0.97) | 12.78 (0.90) | 12.85 (0.74) | 22.01 | <0.001 | 0.017 |
| Age (y); M (SD) | 44.61 (9.35) | 46.78 (12.17) | 41.54 (11.98) | 32.22 (10.30) | 33.76 (9.73) | 267.16 | <0.001 | 0.172 |
| CAG; M(SD) | 46.38 (2.94) | 43.55 (2.95) | 42.96 (2.73) | 42.24 (2.11) | 40.76 (1.94) | 256.36 | <0.001 | 0.217 |
| Sex (f/m) (%f) | 70/68 (50.7) | 177/509 (59.0) | 705/510 (58.0) | 591/329 (64.2) | 987/647 (60.4) | 14.40 | <0.010 | 0.006 |
| ISCED | 3.93 (1.16) | 3.83 (1.16) | 3.91 (1.13) | 4.01 (1.09) | 4.06 (1.08) | 8.68 | <0.001 | 0.007 |
| CAP-Score; M (SD) | 544.19 (55.02) | 430.22 (32.56) | 355.67 (18.36) | 306.94 (16.73) | 226.57 (46.43) | 8164.42 | <0.001 | 0.864 |
| TMS; M (SD) # | 8.52 (8.14) | 5.19 (5.72) | 3.12 (3.83) | 1.92 (3.33) | 1.53 (2.65) | 212.15 | <0.001 | 0.142 |
| SDMT + | 38.67 (11.40) (n = 135) |
43.03 (11.79) (n = 1232) |
48.08 (11.07) (n = 1204) |
51.86 (10.96) (n = 917) |
54.36 (10.83) (n = 1627) |
226.91 | <0.001 | 0.151 |
| VFc + | 17.86 (5.39) (n = 134) |
19.44 (5.69) (n = 1235) |
21.00 (5.51) (n = 1201) |
22.08 (5.64) (n = 914) |
22.38 (5.65) (n = 1625) |
66.045 | <0.001 | 0.049 |
| SCNT + | 60.49 (15.00) (n = 136) |
66.50 (14.52) (n = 1230) |
71.84 (14.21) (n = 1199) |
74.29 (14.02) (n = 912) |
77.09 (13.96) (n = 1625) |
125.97 | <0.001 | 0.090 |
| SWRT + | 77.78 (16.96) (n = 135) |
85.84 (19.05) (n = 1232) |
92.44 (17.14) (n = 1200) |
95.59 (17.67) (n = 913) |
97.76 (17.16) (n = 1626) |
108.47 | <0.001 | 0.078 |
| SIT + | 35.88 (11.18) (n = 128) |
38.26 (10.92) (n = 1161) |
42.64 (10.88) (n = 1133) |
44.84 (10.65) (n = 856) |
46.32 (10.68) (n = 1547) |
113.06 | <0.001 | 0.086 |
| Clinical rater (PBA-s) | ||||||||
| Depression; M (SD) # |
3.91 (5.90) (n = 137) |
4.84 (6.40) (n = 1238) |
4.44 (5.87) (n = 1213) |
4.46 (5.85) (n = 917) |
3.80 (5.27) (n = 1627) |
6.148 | <0.001 | 0.005 |
| Irritability; M (SD) # |
1.78 (3.65) | 2.20 (4.03) | 2.18 (3.75) | 1.83 (3.25) | 1.84 (3.25) | 3.18 | <0.050 | 0.002 |
| Psychosis; M (SD) # |
0.04 (0.38) | 0.17 (1.51) | 0.15 (1.05) | 0.11 (0.88) | 0.09 (0.78) | 1.58 | 0.177 | 0.001 |
| Apathy; M (SD) # |
1.00 (2.28) | 1.27 (2.74) | 1.05 (2.47) | 0.94 (2.39) | 0.74 (1.96) | 9.05 | <0.001 | 0.007 |
| Executive function; M (SD) # |
0.92 (2.46) | 1.35 (3.28) | 1.37 3.18) | 1.27 (3.25) | 1.20 (3.00) | 1.11 | 0.350 | 0.001 |
| Self-report (HADS-IS) | ||||||||
| Anxiety; M (SD) # | 5.35 (3.90) (n = 82) |
5.54 (3.94) (n = 804) |
5.68 (4.00) (n = 837) |
5.91 (4.22) (n = 641) |
5.47 (3.94) (n = 1179) |
1.47 | 0.208 | 0.002 |
| Depression; M (SD) # |
3.61 (3.65) | 4.09 (3.66) | 3.82 (3.60) | 3.72 (3.71) | 3.01 (3.12) | 13.48 | <0.001 | 0.015 |
| Irritability; M (SD) # |
5.38 (4.11) | 5.32 (4.15) | 5.18 (4.02) | 5.17 (4.10) | 4.69 (3.88) | 3.74 | <0.010 | 0.004 |
| Outward irritability; M (SD) # |
3.39 (2.69) | 3.37 (2.52) | 3.31 (2.56) | 3.13 (2.43) | 2.96 (2.43) | 4.17 | <0.010 | 0.005 |
| Inward irritability; M (SD) # |
1.99 (2.02) | 1.96 (2.20) | 1.86 (2.06) | 2.05 (2.35) | 1.73 (2.05) | 2.80 | <0.050 | 0.003 |