Table 3.
Physiological parameters of the neonates at baseline and after heel lance by treatment group 1.
| LLLT 2 Group (n = 55) | BM 2 Group (n = 59) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Heart rate (/min) | |||
| Baseline | 147.10 ± 21.36 | 150.61 ± 18.10 | 0.344 |
| After | 163.37 ± 19.09 | 166.03 ± 18.72 | 0.640 |
| Respiratory rate (/min) | |||
| Baseline | 43.46 ± 11.00 | 40.18 ± 9.21 | 0.086 |
| After | 45.02 ± 8.49 | 45.01 ± 9.42 | 0.999 |
| SaO2 (%) | |||
| Baseline | 96.77 ± 5.09 | 95.69 ± 5.47 | 0.282 |
| After | 93.97 ± 5.09 | 94.89 ± 4.23 | 0.296 |
| SBP (mmHg) | |||
| Baseline | 66.47 ± 9.00 | 68.12 ± 10.61 | 0.377 |
| After | 68.57 ± 9.23 | 69.57 ± 9.04 | 0.566 |
| DBP (mmHg) | |||
| Baseline | 41.13 ± 9.31 | 41.30 ± 9.58 | 0.924 |
| After | 42.89 ± 10.90 | 40.93 ± 8.50 | 0.290 |
1 Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. 2 Abbreviations: LLLT, low-level laser therapy; BM, breast milk; SaO2, oxygen saturation; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure.