Figure 3.

Channel-independent functions of Cx. (A) The role of mtCx43 is not fully understood; however, some studies suggest that mtCx43 may influence cellular processes related to tissue injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. Notably, ATP production and ROS generation are known to be involved in tissue injury and inflammation. (B) Annular Cx43 HC-containing vesicles can form Cx43 GJs with acceptor cells, serving as a mechanism for facilitating internalization. However, whether and how Cx43-containing exosomes contribute to injury repair, inflammation, and fibrosis remains largely elusive.