Skip to main content
. 2023 Dec 12;12(24):4452. doi: 10.3390/foods12244452

Table 1.

Secondary metabolites from the genus Eurotium and their biological activities.

NO. Compound Class and Name Bioactivity Source Ref.
Anthraquinones
1 questin antimicrobial activity Eurotium sp. M30 XS-2012 [11]
E. herbariorum NU-2 [16]
E. chevalieri KUFA 0006 [20]
Eurotium [22]
antioxidative activity E. rubrum [23]
2 physcion

cytotoxic activity
antiviral activity		 E. herbariorum NU-2 [16]
E. chevalieri KUFA 0006 [20]
E. repens [24]
E. chevalieri MUT 2316 [25]
3 erythroglaucin antimicrobial activity Eurotium [22]
E. cristatum KUFC 7356 [26]
4 emodin antimicrobial activity



cytotoxic activity		 E. chevalieri KUFA 0006 [20]
Eurotium [22]
E. rubrum [27]
E. cristatum KUFC 7356 [26]
E. rubrum [28]
5 catenarin E. herbariorum NU-2 [16]
Eurotium [22]
E. rubrum [27]
E. cristatum KUFC 735 [26]
6 rubrocristin Eurotium [22]
E. rubrum [27]
7 rubrocristin-8-methylether Eurotium [22]
8 rubrocristin-6-acetate Eurotium [22]
9 querstin-6-methylether Eurotium [22]
10 2-O-methyleurotinone
antioxidative activity		 E. echinulatum [29]
E. rubrum [23]
11 2,12-dimethyleurotinone E. echinulatum [29]
12 eurotinone E. echinulatum [29]
13 physcion-10,10′-bianthrone E. herbariorum NU-2 [16]
14 questinol




anti-inflammatory activity		 Eurotium sp. M30 XS-2012 [11]
E. herbariorum NU-2 [16]
E. chevalieri KUFA 0006 [20]
E. amstelodami [30]
15 asperflavin

antioxidative activity




cytotoxic activity
antimicrobial activity
anti-inflammatory activity		 Eurotium sp. M30 XS-2012 [11]
E. herbariorum NU-2 [16]
E. rubrum [23]
E. cristatum EN-220 [31]
E. repens [24]
E. chevalieri MUT 2316 [25]
E. amstelodami [32]
16 variecolorquinone A Eurotium sp. M30 XS-2012 [26]
E. cristatum EN-220 [31]
17 2-O-methyl-4-O-(α-D-ribofuranosyl)-9-dehydroxyeurotinone antioxidative activity E. rubrum [23]
18 2-O-methyl-9-dehydroxyeurotinone antioxidative activity E. rubrum [23]
19 eurorubrin antioxidative activity
antimicrobial activity
insecticidal activity		 E. rubrum [23]
E. cristatum EN-220 [31]
20 3-O-(α-D-ribofuranosyl)-questin antioxidative activity E. rubrum [23]
E. cristatum EN-220 [31]
21 3-O-(α-D-ribofuranosyl)-questinol antimicrobial activity E. cristatum EN-220 [31]
22 asperflavin ribofuranoside E. cristatum EN-220 [31]
23 9-dehydroxyeurotinone cytotoxic activity
antimicrobial activity		 E. rubrum [28]
24 acetylquestinol E.chevalieri KUFA 0006 [20]
25 rubrumol cytotoxic activity E. rubrum [27]
Benzaldehyde derivatives
26 2-(2′,3-epoxy-1′-heptenyl)-6-hydroxy-5-(3″-methyl-2″-butenyl)-benzaldehyde E. rubrum [33]
27 (E)-6-hydroxy-7-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-2-(3-oxobut-1-enyl)-chroman-5-carbaldehyd E. rubrum [33]
28 2-(1′,5′-heptadienyl)-3,6-dihydroxy-5-(3″-methyl-2″-butenyl)-benzaldehyde E. rubrum [33]
29 eurotirumin
cytotoxic activity		 E. rubrum [33]
Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452 [34]
30 chaetopyranin E. rubrum [33]
31 flavoglaucin antioxidative activity


antimicrobial activity

antimalarial activity

anti-inflammatory activity

cytotoxic activity
 Eurotium [35]
E. cristatum [14]
E. repens [19]
Eurotium sp. SF-5989 [36]
E. rubrum [33]
E. repens [37]
E. cristatum [38]
32 aspergin E. rubrum [33]
33 isotetrahydroauroglaucin anti-inflammatory activity Eurotium sp. SF-5989 [36]
E. rubrum [33]
34 isodihydroauroglaucin antioxidative activity Eurotium [35]
E. cristatum [14]
E. rubrum [33]
E. repens [37]
35 2-(2′,3-epoxy-1′,3′-heptadienyl)-6-hydroxy-5-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-benzaldehyde
antimicrobial activity
antimalarial activity		 E. cristatum [14]
E. repens [19]
E. rubrum [33]
E. repens [37]
36 2-(2′,3-epoxy-1′,3′,5′-heptatrienyl)-6-hydroxy-5-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-benzaldehyde E. rubrum [33]
E. cristatum [14]
37 eurotirubrin A E. rubrum [39]
38 eurotirubrin B E. rubrum [39]
39 auroglaucin antioxidative activity
antimicrobial activity
antimalarial activity		 Eurotium [35]
E. repens [19]
40 tetrahydroauroglaucin antioxidative activity

antimicrobial activity
antimalarial activity

cytotoxic activity		 Eurotium [35]
E. cristatum [14]
E. repens [19]
E. repens [37]
E. repens [24]
41 dihydroauroglaucin antioxidative activity

antimicrobial activity

antiviral activity		 Eurotium [35]
E. cristatum [14]
E. repens [19]
E. repens [37]
E. chevalieri MUT 2316 [25]
42 (E)-2-(hept-1-enyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-benzene-1,4-diol antimicrobial activity
antimalarial activity		 E. repens [19]
E. repens [37]
43 (E)-4-(hept-1-enyl)-7-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2,5-diol E. repens [37]
44 (3′S*,4′R*)-6-(3′,5-epoxy-4′-hydroxy-1′-heptenyl)-2-hydroxy-3-(3″-methyl-2″-butenyl)-benzaldehyde Eurotium [40]
45 3′-OH-tetrahydroauroglaucin Eurotium [40]
46 cristaldehyde A anti-inflammatory activity E. cristatum [38]
47 cristaldehyde B E. cristatum [38]
Indole diketopiperazine alkaloids
48 echinulin
antimicrobial activity











antioxidative activity
insecticidal activity		 E. cristatum [26]
E. cristatum EN-220 [41]
E. cristatum [42]
E. repens [43]
E. repens [24]
E. amstelodami [44]
E. rubrum
E. herbariorum
E. cristatum EN-220 [45]
Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452 [46]
Eurotium [47]
49 neoechinulin A antimicrobial activity






antioxidative activity




insecticidal activity

anti-inflammatory activity		 Eurotium sp. M30 XS-2012 [11]
E. cristatum [26]
E. cristatum EN-220 [41]
E. cristatum [42]
E. rubrum Hiji 025 [48]
E. amstelodami [44]
E. rubrum
E. herbariorum
E. rubrum MA-150 [49]
Eurotium [47]
Eurotium sp. SF-5989 [50]
50 neoechinulin B antioxidative activity E. herbariorum NU-2 [16]
E. amstelodami [44]
E. rubrum.
E. herbariorum
E. cristatum EN-220 [45]
Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452 [46]
51 preechinulin E. cristatum EN-220 [41]
E. amstelodami [44]
E. rubrum
E. herbariorum
52 neoechinulin E




insecticidal activity
antioxidative activity		 E. cristatum [26]
E. amstelodami [44]
E. herbariorum
E. rubrum MA-150 [49]
E. rubrum [51]
53 7-O-methylvariecolortide A
caspase-3 inhibitory activity		 E. rubrum [52]
Eurotium [53]
54 variecolortide A E. rubrum [52]
55 variecolortide B

caspase-3 inhibitory activity		 E. rubrum [52]
E. rubrum MA-150 [49]
Eurotium [53]
56 variecolortide C

caspase-3 inhibitory activity		 E. rubrum [52]
E. rubrum MA-150 [49]
Eurotium [53]
57 fructigenine A Eurotium sp. SF-5130 [54]
58 eurocristatine E. cristatum [26]
59 variecolorin J E. cristatum [26]
E. rubrum [28]
60 12-demethyl-12-oxo-eurotechinulin B cytotoxic activity E. rubrum [28]
61 variecolorin G cytotoxic activity
insecticidal activity


antioxidative activity		 E. rubrum [28]
E. cristatum EN-220 [41]
E. rubrum MA-150 [49]
Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452 [46]
62 eurotechinulin B E. rubrum [28]
63 cryptoechinuline G E. rubrum [28]
64 alkaloid E-7 cytotoxic activity
insecticidal activity		 E. rubrum [28]
E. cristatum EN-220 [45]
65 isoechinulin B antioxidative activity E. herbariorum NU-2 [16]
E. rubrum 31 [28]
66 cristatumin A antimicrobial activity E. cristatum EN-220 [41]
67 cristatumin B insecticidal activity E. cristatum EN-220 [41]
68 cristatumin C E. cristatum EN-220 [41]
69 cristatumin D antimicrobial activity E. cristatum EN-220 [41]
70 isoechinulin A antioxidative activity
insecticidal activity		 E. herbariorum NU-2 [16]
E. cristatum EN-220 [41]
E. rubrum MA-150 [49]
Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452 [46]
71 tardioxopiperazine A antimicrobial activity E. cristatum EN-220 [41]
72 cristatumin E antimicrobial activity
cytotoxic activity		 E. herbariorum HT-2 [55]
73 rubrumazine A E. rubrum MA-150 [49]
74 rubrumazine B insecticidal activity E. rubrum MA-150 [49]
E. cristatum EN-220 [45]
75 rubrumazine C E. rubrum MA-150 [49]
76 dehydroechinulin
insecticidal activity

antioxidative activity		 E. cristatum [42]
E. rubrum MA-150 [49]
E. cristatum EN-220 [45]
Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452 [46]
77 variecolorin E E. rubrum MA-150 [49]
78 dihydroxyisoechinulin A antimicrobial activity Eurotium sp. M30 XS-2012 [11]
E. rubrum MA-150 [49]
79 variecolorin L E. rubrum MA-150 [49]
80 tardioxopiperazine B E. rubrum MA-150 [49]
81 L-alanyl-L-tryptophan anhydride antimicrobial activity Eurotium sp. M30 XS-2012 [11]
E. rubrum MA-150 [49]
82 cristatumin F E. cristatum [42]
83 variecolorin O antioxidative activity E. herbariorum NU-2 [16]
E. cristatum [42]
Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452 [46]
84 N-(4′-hydroxyprenyl)-cyclo(alanyltryptophyl) E. cristatum EN-220 [45]
85 isovariecolorin I insecticidal activity E. cristatum EN-220 [45]
86 30-hydroxyechinulin E. cristatum EN-220 [45]
87 29-hydroxyechinulin E. cristatum EN-220 [45]
88 rubrumline M E. cristatum EN-220 [45]
89 neoechinulin C insecticidal activity E. cristatum EN-220 [45]
90 didehydroechinulin insecticidal activity E. cristatum EN-220 [45]
91 variecolorin H E. cristatum EN-220 [45]
92 (11R,14S)-3-(1H-indol-3ylmethyl)6-isopropyl-2,5-piperazinedione E. chevalieri KUFA 0006 [20]
93 variecolortin A antioxidative activity Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452 [56]
94 variecolortin B cytotoxic activity Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452 [56]
95 variecolortin C cytotoxic activity Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452 [56]
96 eurotiumin A antioxidative activity Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452 [46]
97 eurotiumin B antioxidative activity Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452 [46]
98 eurotiumin C antioxidative activity Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452 [46]
99 fintiamin Eurotium [57]
Other compounds
100 chevalone A E. chevalieri [58]
101 chevalone B cytotoxic activity E. chevalieri [58]
102 chevalone C antimicrobial activity
cytotoxic activity		 E. chevalieri [58]
103 chevalone D antimalarial activity
cytotoxic activity		 E. chevalieri [58]
104 aszonapyrone A E. chevalieri [58]
105 aszonapyrone B E. chevalieri [58]
106 CJ-12662 antimalarial activity
antimicrobial activity
cytotoxic activity		 E. chevalieri [58]
107 3β,5α-dihydroxy-10α-methyl-6β-acetoxy-ergosta-7,22-diene E.rubrum [59]
108 3β,5α-dihydroxy-6β-acetoxyergosta-7,22-diene E.rubrum [59]
109 (22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol E.rubrum [59]
110 (22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-dien-6β-methoxy-3β,5α-diol E.rubrum [59]
111 (22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-dien-3β,5α,6β-triol E.rubrum [59]
112 (22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-dien-3β,5α,6α-triol E.rubrum [59]
113 (22E,24R)-3β,5α,9α-trihydroxyergosta-7,22-dien-6-one E.rubrum [59]
114 (22E,24R)-3β,5α-dihydroxyergosta-7,22-dien-6-one E.rubrum [59]
115 (22E,24R)-5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol E.rubrum [59]
116 (22E,24R)-5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-acetate E.rubrum [59]
117 (22E,24R)-ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one E.rubrum [59]
118 euroticin A Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452 [15]
119 euroticin B antioxidative activity Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452 [15]
120 euroticin C antioxidative activity
cytotoxic activity		 Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452 [60]
121 euroticin D Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452 [60]
122 euroticin E Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452 [60]
123 euroticin F cytotoxic activity
antioxidative activity		 Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452 [34]
124 euroticin G antioxidative activity
α-glucosidase inhibitory activity		 Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452 [34]
125 euroticin H cytotoxic activity
α-glucosidase inhibitory activity		 Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452 [34]
126 euroticin I cytotoxic activity Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452 [34]
127 salicylaldehydium A cytotoxic activity Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452 [61]
128 salicylaldehydium B Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452 [61]
129 asperglaucin A antimicrobial activity Aspergillus chevalieri SQ-8 [17]
130 asperglaucin B antimicrobial activity Aspergillus chevalieri SQ-8 [17]
131 citrinin Eurotium [62]
132 ochratoxin A Eurotium [62]
133 gliotoxin Eurotium [62]
134 aflatoxins Eurotium [62]
135 sterigmatocystin Eurotium [62]
136 cyclopenol Eurotium sp. SF-5130 [54]
137 mycophenolic acid E. repens [63]
138 2-(2-methyl-3-en-2-yl)-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde E. chevalieri KUFA 0006 [20]
139 (2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl)-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde E. chevalieri KUFA 0006 [20]
140 2-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propen-1-yl)-1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452 [64]
141 ergosterol E. chevalieri [58]
142 2[(2,2-dimethylbut-3-enoyl)amino]benzoic acid E. chevalieri KUFA 0006 [20]
143 6,8-dihydroxy-3-(2-hydroxypropyl)-7-methyl-1H-isochromen-1-one E. chevalieri KUFA 0006 [20]
144 ergosterol 5,8-endoperoxide E. chevalieri KUFA 0006 [20]
145 (11S,14R)-cyclo(tryptophylvalyl) E. chevalieri KUFA 0006 [20]
146 cinnalutein E. chevalieri MUT 2316 [25]
147 cyclo-L-Trp-L-Ala E. chevalieri MUT 2316 [25]
148 eurochevalierine antimalarial activity
antimicrobial activity
cytotoxic activity		 E. chevalieri [58]
149 sequiterpene E. chevalieri [58]
150 zinniol E.rubrum SH-823 [65]
151 butyrolactone I E.rubrum SH-823 [65]
152 aspernolide D E.rubrum SH-823 [65]
153 vermistatin E.rubrum SH-823 [65]
154 methoxyvermistatin E.rubrum SH-823 [65]
155 eurothiocin A α-glucosidase inhibitory activity E.rubrum SH-823 [65]
156 eurothiocin B α-glucosidase inhibitory activity E.rubrum SH-823 [65]
157 7-isopentenylcryptoechinuline D E.rubrum [28]
158 methyl linoleate Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452 [64]
159 cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452 [46]
160 eurotinoid A antioxidative activity Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452 [66]
161 eurotinoid B antioxidative activity Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452 [66]
162 eurotinoid C antioxidative activity Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452 [66]
163 dihydrocryptoechinulin D cytotoxic activity
antioxidative activity		 Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452 [66]
164 eurotone A Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452 [67]
165 5,7-dihydroxy-4-methylphthalide antimicrobial activity E. repens
E. repens 		[19]
[37]
166 cristatumside A E. cristatum EN-220 [31]
167 eurotiumide A insecticidal activity Eurotium sp. XS-200900E6 [21]
168 eurotiumide B insecticidal activity Eurotium sp. XS-200900E6 [21]
169 eurotiumide C insecticidal activity Eurotium sp. XS-200900E6 [21]
170 eurotiumide D insecticidal activity Eurotium sp. XS-200900E6 [21]
171 eurotiumide E Eurotium sp. XS-200900E6 [21]
172 eurotiumide F Eurotium sp. XS-200900E6 [21]
173 eurotiumide G Eurotium sp. XS-200900E6 [21]
174 viridicatol Eurotium sp. SF-5130 [54]
175 monacolin K E. cristatum [68]
176 cristaquinone A anti-inflammatory activity E. cristatum [38]
177 6-O-α-D–ribofuranoside E. cristatum EN-220 [31]