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. 2023 Dec 18;45(12):10211–10224. doi: 10.3390/cimb45120637

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Quercetin, as one of the main components of purslane, participates in cell pyroptosis mediated by Caspase-1/GSDMD. (A) The cytotoxicity of QR on Vero cells. Vero cells were treated with different concentrations of QR for 24 h, and the cell survival rate was detected using a CCK-8 assay. ** p < 0.01. (B) After PEDV infects Vero cells, different concentrations of QR were used to detect the release of LDH. The data are expressed as the means ± SD (n = 3). ** p < 0.01 vs. control. # p < 0.05 and ## p < 0.01 vs. positive control (PEDV). (C) RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of Caspase-1, GSDMD, GSDMD-N, and Nlrp3 in Vero cells after infection with PEDV and the addition of different concentrations of QR. The data are expressed as the means ± SD (n = 3). * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 vs. control. # p < 0.05 and ## p < 0.01 vs. positive control (PEDV). (D) Knockout of GSDMD and Caspase-1, addition of QR at a concentration of 32, and detection of Caspase-1 and IL-1β through RT-PCR. The data are expressed as the means ± SD (n = 3). * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 vs. positive control (PEDV + QR). (E) Immunofluorescence assays were used to detect the expression of PEDV, GSDMD, IL-1β, and Caspase-1 after knocking out GSDMD and Caspase-1. (The magnification of a microscope is 200 times). (F) Detection of apoptosis in Vero cells after knocking out GSDMD and Caspase-1 by flow cytometry. ** p < 0.01 vs. control. # p < 0.05 vs. positive control (PEDV).