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. 2023 Dec 6;24(24):17186. doi: 10.3390/ijms242417186

Figure 7.

Figure 7

Recovery of mitochondrial function in MELAS neurons after co-culture in a non-contact system. (A) Representative fluorescence microscopy images of MitoSOX and MitoBright LT green staining in each neuronal group. White arrows indicate high intensity MitoSox dyes. (B) Representative images of fluo-8 (calcium-sensitive fluorescent) staining in each group of neurons. (C) Representative images of JC-1 (response mitochondrial membrane potential, MMP) staining in each group of neurons. (D) Quantification of ROS levels by analyzing the fluorescence intensity of MitoSox (n = 6). (E) Quantification of mitochondrial levels by analyzing the fluorescence intensity of MitoBright LT green (n = 6). (F) Quantification of mitochondrial ROS in neurons (n = 6). (G) Quantification of intracellular calcium levels by analyzing the fluorescence intensity of fluo-8 (n = 6). (H) Fluorescence intensity ratio of MMP levels in groups of neurons (n = 8). (I) Mitochondrial morphology of the neurons in each group. Red arrows indicate the absence and breakage of mitochondrial cristae. (J) Quantification of damaged mitochondria in different groups with percentage of mitochondria showing abnormal cristae. More than 50 mitochondria in each group (52 in Control-N, 50 in MELAS-N, 55 in MELAS-N w/REC, and 51 in MELAS-N w/MSC) were examined. Data represent the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of three independent experiments. ns, not significant. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001.