ACE-1	Angiotensin converting enzyme-1
AHR	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor
AJ	Adherens junction
AKT (PKB)	Protein kinase B
AMPA	α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid
ANG-1/2	Angiopoetin-1/2
ApoE	Apolipoprotein E
ATAC-seq	Transposase accessible chromatin sequencing
BAFF	B cell activating factor of the TNF family
BBB	Blood–brain barrier
BCR	B-cell receptor
BDNF	Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
BM	Basement membrane
CCL	Chemokine ligand
CD	Cluster of differentiation
CNS	Central nervous system
DhH	Desert Hedgehog
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid
ECs	Endothelial cells
ECM	Extracellular matrix
eNOS	Endothelial nitric oxide synthase
ER	Endoplasmic reticulum
ERK	Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
ET	Endothelin
ETR	Endothelin receptor
FGF	Fibroblast Growth Factor
GDNF	Glial-derived Neurotrophic Factor
cGMP	Cyclic guanosine monophosphate
GTP	Guanosine-5′-triphosphate
HAT	Histone acetyltransferase
HDAC	Histone deacetylases
HDM	Histone demethylase
HMT	Histone methyltransferase
ICAM-1	Intercellular adhesion molecule -1
IFN	Interferon
IGF-1	Insulin-Like Growth Factor
IKK	IkappaB kinase
IL	Interleukin
IRAK	Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase
IRF-1	Interferon regulatory factor-1
JAK	Janus kinase
HIF	Hypoxia-inducible factor
HMGB1	High mobility group box 1 protein
LaST	Large-area spatial transcriptomic
LIF	Leukemia inhibitory factor
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
LRP1	Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1
MAP	Mitogen-activated protein
MLC	Myosin light chain
MLCK	Myosin light chain kinase
MMP	Matrix metalloproteinase
mRNA	Messenger ribonucleic acid
miRNA	Micro ribonucleic acid
MRP	miRNAs after myeloid-related protein
NFAT	Nuclear factor of activated T-cells
NF-kB	Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NMDA	N-methyl-D-aspartate
NO	Nitric oxide
NVU	Neurovascular unit
PAK	Src–Rac1–p21-activated kinase
PHD2	Prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2
PI3K	Phosphoinositide3 kinase
PK	Protein kinase
PL	Phospholipase
PTPN-2	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2
RA	Retinoic acid
RAGE	Advanced glycation end products
RNAs	Ribonucleic acids
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
ROCK	Rho-associated protein kinase
RRBS	Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing
scRNA-seq	Single cell RNA sequencing
snRNA-seq	Single nucleus RNA sequencing
STAT3	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
Smo	Signal transducer Smoothened
smFISH	Single-molecule fluorescent in situ hybridization
SOCS	Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1
SHh	Sonic Hedgehog
TAK	TGFβ-activated kinase 1
TCR	T-cell receptor
TGF-β	Transforming Growth Factor-β
TJ	Tight junction
TLR	Toll-like receptor
TNF	Tumor Necrosis Factor
VCAM-1	Vascular cell adhesion molecule
VE	Vascular endothelial
VEGF	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
ZO	Zonula occludens