Table 13.

Comparison of breast cancer detection results.

Study	Model	Techniques	Results
Proposed Study	DNN (FL)	Federated Learning	Accuracy: 97.5%, Precision: 96%, Recall: 98.0%, and F1-Score: 97%
[7]	Auto-encoder	Unsupervised	Precision: 98.4%
[30]	Hybrid FL with CNN	Transfer Learning	Accuracy: Above 90%
[36]	DTC	Feature Selection	Accuracy: 94
[25]	FCN	Machine Learning	Accuracy: 96.4%, Sensitivity: 97.5%, and Specificity: 97.8%.
[47]	CNN	Machine Learning	Accuracy 99.7%