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. 2023 Dec 10;24(24):17325. doi: 10.3390/ijms242417325

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Inhibition of stemness by PTs. Lupane-type PT BA inhibits stem cell proliferation by interfering with Skp2-SCF-dependent degradation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27. Oleanane-type PT β-escin suppresses the activity of ALDH1A1 and the downstream AKT pathway, which is thought to regulate the CSC transcriptome through the β-catenin pathway. The anti-stem cell activity of ursane-type PT UA is mediated through the EGFR pathway. Downward (↓) and upward (↑) arrows indicate downregulation and upregulation of expression, respectively.