Figure 1.

Measurement of cardio–ankle vascular index (CAVI) 2 years following a right-side total knee arthroplasty in a 77-year-old woman. First, the distance from the origin of the aorta to the ankle was measured with the patient lying supine on a bed. Next, cuffs were wrapped around the right and left upper arms and the right and left ankle joints to measure blood pressure, and a microphone that detects heart sounds was attached to the chest. The instrument automatically measured the pulse wave and blood pressure and calculated CAVI. The entire measurement took ~15 min and was painless.