Table 3.
Heart rate variability, blood pressure variability and baroreflex sensitivity measures for baseline and 10-week assessment.
| Baseline | 10-Weeks | Normative Values under Resting Conditions | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HRV | ||||||||
| R | S | PB | R | S | PB | Mean (SD) | Population | |
| P1 | Chronic SCI T3 and above (n = 21) [43] |
|||||||
| RMSSD (ms) | 7.28 | 3.86 | 4.69 | 5.13 | 4.36 | 6.96 | 29.8 (24.3) | |
| HRV-LF (ms2) | 116.19 | 8.82 | 60.45 | 40.07 | 7.22 | 127.08 | 285.4 (325.5) | |
| HRV-HF (ms2) | 38.61 | 3.97 | 5.46 | 25.6 | 10.50 | 16.74 | 513.4 (879.4) | |
| P2 | ||||||||
| RMSSD (ms) | 20.82 | 23.51 | 18.66 | 40.49 | 56.64 | 31.11 | 29.8 (24.3) | |
| HRV-LF (ms2) | 349.43 | 318.00 | 254.21 | 1512.98 | 2146.35 | 1698.77 | 285.4 (325.5) | |
| HRV-HF (ms2) | 186.92 | 201.84 | 131.75 | 403.69 | 1865.93 | 131.3 | 513.4 (879.4) | |
| BPV | ||||||||
| R | S | PB | R | S | PB | Mean (SD) | Population | |
| P1 | Chronic thoracic SCI (n = 12) [44] | |||||||
| BP (mmHg) | 101/57 | 98/52 | 106/53 | 113/61 | 119/61 | 105/58 | 126.8 (7.0)/ 66.2 (4.1) |
|
| SBP-LF (mmHg2) | 5.02 | 2.54 | 2.73 | 4.88 | 2.43 | 3.77 | 17.32 (7.7) | |
| P2 | ||||||||
| BP (mmHg) | 111/69 | 107/71 | 105/73 | 109/76 | 126/69 | 115/73 | 126.8 (7.0)/ 66.2 (4.1) |
|
| SBP-LF (mmHg2) | 6.65 | 7.64 | 12.22 | 5.05 | 5.83 | 11.13 | 17.32 (7.7) | |
| BRS | ||||||||
| R | S | PB | R | S | PB | Mean (SD) | Population | |
| P1 | Chronic thoracic SCI (n = 12) [44] | |||||||
| BRS gain (ms/mmHg) | 5.08 | 4.38 | 5.02 | 5.01 | 4.21 | 5.42 | 10.65 (3.2) | |
| BEI [ratio] | 0.21 | 0.04 | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.07 | 0.23 | 0.7 (0.1) | AB (n = 35) [45] |
| P2 | Chronic thoracic SCI (n = 12) [44] | |||||||
| BRS gain (ms/mmHg) | 7.15 | 9.00 | 7.93 | 8.09 | 7.18 | 8.03 | 10.65 (3.2) | |
| BEI [ratio] | 0.32 | 0.45 | 0.39 | 0.62 | 0.70 | 0.77 | 0.7 (0.1) | AB (n = 35) [45] |
BP: Brachial blood pressure; BEI: Baroreflex Effectiveness Index; BRS gain: Vagal Baroreflex Sensitivity; HRV: Heart rate variability; HRV-HF: HRV high-frequency power; HRV-LF: HRV low-frequency power; AB: Able-bodied population; PB: Paced breathing; P1: Participant 1; P2: Participant 2; R: Resting condition; RMSSD: Root mean square of successive differences; S: Stroop test; SBP-LF: Systolic low-frequency power.