Table 2.
Univariate and multivariable analyses of body composition and associated variables.
| Outcome | Descriptives | Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI (kg/m2) | <25 (n = 77) | ≥25 (n = 85) | OR (95% CI) | p= | OR (95% CI) | p= |
| Sex (male/female (%); ref = male) |
30 (39.0)/47 (61.0) | 46 (54.1)/39 (45.9) | 0.541 (0.289–1.012) | 0.055 | 0.431 (0.177–1.046) | 0.063 |
| ASA ((I/II)/(III/IV) (%); ref = I/II) |
38 (49.4)/39 (50.6) | 30 (35.3)/55 (64.7) | 1.786 (0.951–3.356) | 0.071 | 2.029 (0.785–5.243) | 0.144 |
| Cholangitis (no/yes (%); ref = no) |
69 (89.6)/8 (10.4) | 83 (97.6)/2 (2.4) | 0.208 (0.043–1.011) | 0.052 | 0.244 (0.017–3.406) | 0.294 |
| Albumin, g/L (≤4.2/>4.2 (%); ref = ≤4.2) |
34 (44.2)/25 (32.5) | 27 (31.8)/43 (50.6) | 2.166 (1.069–4.387) | 0.032 | 2.075 (0.937–4.595) | 0.072 |
| AP, U/L (≤100/>100 (%); ref = ≤100) |
20 (26.0)/53 (68.8) | 38 (44.7)/45 (52.9) | 0.447 (0.228–0.875) | 0.019 | 0.598 (0.249–1.437) | 0.251 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L (≤13/>13 (%); ref = ≤13) |
51 (66.2)/25 (32.5) | 25 (29.4)/59 (69.4) | 4.814 (2.466–9.40) | 0.001 | 6.443 (2.538–16.359) | <0.001 |
| Platelet count (≤300/>300 (%); ref = ≤300) |
50 (64.9)/26 (33.8) | 67 (78.8)/17 (20.0) | 0.488 (0.239–0.995) | 0.048 | 0.517 (0.172–1.552) | 0.240 |
| Prothrombin time (≤110/>110 (%); ref = ≤110) |
56 (72.7)/20 (26.0) | 73 (85.9)/10 (11.8) | 0.384 (0.166–0.884) | 0.025 | 0.229 (0.072–0.733) | 0.013 |
| Intraoperative PRBC (no/yes (%); ref = no) |
49 (63.6)/28 (36.4) | 65 (76.5)/20 (23.5) | 0.538 (0.272–1.066) | 0.076 | 1.479 (0.396–5.525) | 0.561 |
| R1 resection ((R0/R2)/R1) (%); ref = R0/R2) |
66 (85.7)/11 (14.3) | 79 (92.9)/5 (5.9) | 0.380 (0.126–1.148) | 0.086 | 0.477 (0.095–2.400) | 0.369 |
| pT category (T1–2/T3–4 (%); ref = T1–T2) |
50 (64.9)/26 (33.8) | 70 (82.4)/15 (17.6) | 0.412 (0.198–0.857) | 0.018 | 0.296 (0.101–0.864) | 0.026 |
| Hospitalization, days (≤14/>14 (%); ref = ≤14) |
32 (41.6)/45 (58.4) | 55 (64.7)/30 (35.3) | 0.388 (0.206–0.732) | 0.003 | 0.925 (0.274–3.122) | 0.900 |
| Postoperative complications Clavien–Dindo ((0/I/II)/(III/IV/V) (%); ref = 0/I/II) |
57 (74.0)/20 (26.0) | 71 (83.5)/14 (16.5) | 0.409 (0.216–0.775) | 0.006 | 0.663 (0.145–3.037) | 0.596 |
| Liver failure (no/yes (%); ref = no) |
58 (75.3)/19 (24.7) | 76 (89.4)/9 (10.6) | 0.361 (0.152–0.857) | 0.021 | 0.548 (0.158–1.893) | 0.341 |
| Bile leak (no/yes (%); ref = no) |
56 (72.7)/21 (27.3) | 77 (90.6)/8 (9.4) | 0.277 (0.114–0.671) | 0.004 | 0.426 (0.123–1.467) | 0.176 |
| Hemorrhage (no/yes (%); ref = no) |
70 (90.9)/7 (9.1) | 79 (92.9)/6 (7.1) | 0.759 (0.244–2.367) | 0.635 | ||
| Infection Clavien–Dindo ((0/I/II)/(III/IV/V) (%); ref = 0/I/II) |
66 (85.7)/10 (13.0) | 82 (96.5)/3 (3.5) | 0.421 (0.205–0.863) | 0.018 | 0.896 (0.754–14.397) | 0.113 |
| Sarcopenia | No (n = 59) | Yes (n = 103) | OR (95% CI) | p= | OR (95% CI) | p= |
| Sex (male/female (%); ref = male) |
40 (67.8)/19 (32.2) | 36 (35.0)/67 (65.0) | 3.918 (1.985–7.733) | <0.001 | 2.263 (0.898–5.701) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L (≤13/>13 (%); ref = ≤13) |
22 (37.3)/36 (61.0) | 54 (52.4)/48 (46.6) | 0.543 (0.281–1.049) | 0.069 | 0.560 (0.270–1.160) | 0.119 |
| LVI (no/yes (%); ref = no) |
49 (83.1)/8 (13.6) | 70 (68.0)/25 (24.3) | 2.187 (0.911–5.252) | 0.080 | 2.307 (0.906–5.874) | 0.080 |
| Postoperative complications Clavien–Dindo ((0/I/II )/(III/IV/V) (%); ref = 0/I/II) |
47 (79.7)/12 (20.3) | 81 (78.6)/22 (21.4) | 0.874 (0.458–1.669) | 0.683 | ||
| Liver failure (no/yes (%); ref = no) |
47 (79.7)/12 (20.3) | 87 (84.5)/16 (15.5) | 0.720 (0.315–1.649) | 0.438 | ||
| Bile leak (no/yes (%); ref = no) |
46 (78.0)/13 (22.0) | 87 (84.5)/16 (15.5) | 0.651 (0.288–1.469) | 0.301 | ||
| Hemorrhage (no/yes (%); ref = no) |
55 (93.2)/4 (6.8) | 94 (91.3)/9 (8.7) | 1.316 (0.387–4.477) | 0.660 | ||
| Infection Clavien–Dindo ((0/I/II)/(III/IV/V) (%); ref = 0/I/II) |
54 (91.5)/5 (8.5) | 94 (91.3)/8 (7.8) | 0.740 (0.362–1.511) | 0.408 | ||
| Myosteatosis | No (n = 76) | Yes (n = 86) | OR (95% CI) | p= | OR (95% CI) | p= |
| Sex (male/female (%); ref = male) |
43 (56.6)/33 (43.4) | 33 (38.4)/53 (61.6) | 2.093 (1.117–3.922) | 0.021 | 3.636 (1.447–9.132) | 0.006 |
| Age (≤65/>65 years (%); ref = ≤65) |
50 (65.8)/26 (34.2) | 30 (34.9)/56 (65.1) | 3.590 (1.876–6.870) | <0.001 | 4.989 (1.904–13.068) | 0.001 |
| Albumin, g/L (≤4.2/>4.2 (%); ref = ≤4.2) |
22 (28.9)/40 (52.6) | 39 (45.3)/28 (32.6) | 0.395 (0.194–804) | 0.010 | 0.817 (0.318–2.096) | 0.674 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L (≤13/>13 (%); ref = ≤13) |
25 (32.9)/50 (65.8) | 51 (59.3)/34 (39.5) | 0.333 (0.175–0.637) | 0.001 | 0.535 (0.230–1.242) | 0.145 |
| Total bilirubin, mg/dL (≤1/>1 (%); ref = ≤1) |
69 (90.8)/6 (7.9) | 69 (80.2)/16 (18.6) | 2.667 (0.985–7.219) | 0.054 | 2.141 (0.637–7.196) | 0.218 |
| Intraoperative PRBC (no/yes (%); ref = no) |
62 (81.6)/14 (18.4) | 52 (60.5)/34 (39.5) | 2.896 (1.405–5.969) | 0.004 | 1.594 (0.594–4.277) | 0.354 |
| LVI (no/yes (%); ref = no) |
60 (78.9)/10 (13.2) | 59 (68.6)/23 (26.7) | 2.339 (1.025–5.336) | 0.043 | 2.942 (1.047–8.268) | 0.041 |
| Postoperative complications Clavien–Dindo ((0/I/II)/(III/IV/V) (%); ref = 0/I/II) |
47 (61.8)/29 (38.2) | 47 (54.7)/39 (45.3) | 1.345 (0.718–2.520) | 0.355 | ||
| Liver failure (no/yes (%); ref = no) |
66 (86.8)/10 (13.2) | 68 (79.1)/18 (20.9) | 1.747 (0.751–4.063) | 0.195 | ||
| Bile leak (no/yes (%); ref = no) |
62 (81.6)/14 (18.4) | 71 (82.6)/15 (17.4) | 0.936 (0.419–2.091) | 0.871 | ||
| Hemorrhage (no/yes (%); ref = no) |
72 (94.7)/4 (5.3) | 77 (89.5)/9 (10.5) | 2.104 (0.621–7.132) | 0.232 | ||
| Infection Clavien–Dindo ((0/I/II)/(III/IV/V) (%); ref = 0/I/II) |
72 (94.7)/3 (3.9) | 76 (88.4)/10 (11.6) | 1.004 (0.499–2.022) | 0.991 | ||
| Adjuvant therapy (no/yes (%); ref = no) |
39 (51.3)/33 (43.4) | 62 (72.1)/23 (26.7) | 0.438 (0.225–0.854) | 0.015 | 0.485 (0.205–1.146) | 0.099 |
| VFA (cm2) | <100 (n = 61) | ≥100 (n = 101) | OR (95% CI) | p= | OR (95% CI) | p= |
| Sex (male/female (%); ref = male) |
13 (21.3)/48 (78.7) | 63 (62.4)/38 (37.6) | 0.163 (0.078–0.340) | <0.001 | 0.247 (0.114–0.536) | <0.001 |
| Age (≤65/>65 years (%); ref = ≤65) |
39 (63.9)/22 (36.1) | 41 (40.6)/60 (59.4) | 2.594 (1.346–5.001) | 0.004 | 3.577 (1.592–8.035) | 0.002 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L (≤13/>13 (%); ref = ≤13) |
37 (60.7)/22 (36.1) | 39 (38.6)/62 (61.4) | 2.674 (1.378–5.186) | 0.004 | 3.265 (1.455–7.325) | 0.004 |
| INR (≤1/>1 (%); ref = ≤1) |
36 (59.0)/23 (37.7) | 47 (46.5)/53 (52.5) | 1.765 (0.918–3.395) | 0.089 | 1.310 (0.603–2.844) | 0.495 |
| Hospitalization, days (≤14/>14 (%); ref = ≤14) |
26 (42.6)/35 (57.4) | 61 (60.4)/40 (39.6) | 0.487 (0.255–0.929) | 0.029 | 0.570 (0.260–1.251) | 0.161 |
| Postoperative complications Clavien–Dindo ((0/I/II)/(III/IV/V) (%); ref = 0/I/II) |
45 (73.8)/16 (26.2) | 63 (62.4)/38 (37.6) | 0.614 (0.323–1.167) | 0.136 | ||
| Liver failure (no/yes (%); ref = no) |
47 (77.0)/14 (23.0) | 87 (86.1)/14 (13.9) | 0.540 (0.238–1.228) | 0.142 | ||
| Bile leak (no/yes (%); ref = no) |
46 (75.4)/15 (24.6) | 87 (86.1)/14 (13.9) | 0.493 (0.219–1.111) | 0.088 | 0.636 (0.229–1.765) | 0.385 |
| Hemorrhage (no/yes (%); ref = no) |
55 (90.2)/6 (9.8) | 94 (93.1)/7 (6.9) | 0.683 (0.218–2.135) | 0.512 | ||
| Infection Clavien–Dindo ((0/I/II)/(III/IV/V) (%); ref = 0/I/II) |
42 (68.9)/18 (29.5) | 76 (75.2)/25 (24.8) | 0.758 (0.371–1.546) | 0.445 | ||
| Sarcopenic_obesity | No (n = 137) | Yes (n = 25) | OR (95% CI) | p= | OR (95% CI) | p= |
| Sex (male/female (%); ref = male) |
55 (40.1)/82 (59.9) | 21 (84.0)/4 (16.0) | 0.128 (0.042–0.393) | <0.001 | 0.180 (0.056–0.582) | 0.004 |
| Age (≤65/>65 years (%); ref = ≤65) |
74 (54.0)/63 (46.0) | 6 (24.0)/19 (76.0) | 3.720 (1.400–9.885) | 0.008 | 4.007 (1.375–11.674) | 0.011 |
| AP, U/L (≤100/>100 (%); ref = ≤100) |
45 (32.8)/86 (62.8) | 13 (52.0)/12 (48.0) | 0.483 (0.204–1.145) | 0.099 | 1.009 (0.292–3.479) | 0.989 |
| GGT,U/L (≤100/>100 (%); ref = ≤100) |
59 (43.1)/72 (52.6) | 17 (68.0)/8 (32.0) | 0.386 (0.156–0.956) | 0.040 | 0.405 (0.134–1.225) | 0.110 |
| INR (≤1/>1 (%); ref = ≤1) |
75 (54.7)/60 (43.8) | 8 (32.0)/16 (64.0) | 2.500 (1.002–6.236) | 0.049 | 1.247 (0.419–3.714) | 0.691 |
| Platelet count (≤300/>300 (%); ref = ≤300) |
95 (69.3)/40 (29.2) | 22 (88.0)/3 (12.0) | 0.324 (0.092–1.144) | 0.080 | 0.779 (0.184–3.299) | 0.735 |
| MVI (no/yes (%); ref = no) |
82 (59.9)/48 (35.0) | 21 (84.0)/4 (16.0) | 0.325 (0.105–1.004) | 0.051 | 0.438 (0.128–1.498) | 0.188 |
| Hospitalization, days (≤14/>14 (%); ref = ≤14) |
69 (50.4)/68 (49.6) | 18 (72.0)/7 (28.0) | 0.395 (0.155–1.005) | 0.051 | 2.382 (0.453–12.525) | 0.306 |
| Postoperative complications Clavien–Dindo ((0/I/II)/(III/IV/V) (%); ref = 0/I/II) |
74 (54.0)/63 (46.0) | 20 (80.0)/5 (20.0) | 0.294 (0.104–0.827) | 0.020 | 0.246 (0.080–0.760) | 0.015 |
| Liver failure (no/yes (%); ref = no) |
111 (81.0)/26 (19.0) | 23 (92.0)/2 (8.0) | 0.371 (0.082–1.675) | 0.197 | ||
| Bile leak (no/yes (%); ref = no) |
109 (79.6)/28 (20.4) | 24 (96.0)/1 (4.0) | 0.162 (0.021–1.251) | 0.081 | 0.363 (0.036–3.718) | 0.394 |
| Hemorrhage (no/yes (%); ref = no) |
124 (90.5)/13 (9.5) | 130 (81.3)/30 (18.8) | 0 (0–0) | 0.999 | ||
| Infection Clavien–Dindo ((0/I/II)/(III/IV/V) (%); ref = 0/I/II) |
96 (70.1)/40 (29.2) | 22 (88.0)/3 (12.0) | 0.327 (0.093–1.155) | 0.083 | 0.894 (0.096–8.339) | 0.921 |
Multiple variables were associated with altered body composition. This reduced table only shows variables with a p-value < 0.1 and all measures of postoperative complications in the univariate analysis. Variables displaying a p-value < 0.1 in the univariate analysis were transferred into a multivariable logistic regression model. Bold letters indicate statistical significance. The univariate analysis regarding all variables is displayed in Supplementary Table S1. Abbreviations: AP, alkaline phosphatase; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI, body mass index; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; INR, international normalized ratio; LVI, lymph vascular invasion; MVI, microvascular invasion.