Table 1.
Fifty-four Full Text Articles Assessing Symptom Burden in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Lung Cancer
| Author string | Title | Year | Study Type | Study grade | Bias | Year | Country | Patient population | QOL metric | Intervention | Symptom | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shiho et al | Acute and chronic neuropathic pain profiles after video-assisted thoracic surgery: A prospective study | 2020 | Case series | 4 | NA | Not stated | Japan | 27 patients undergoing thoracoscopic lung cancer resection | Numeric rating scale, Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) questionnaire; and Douleur Neuropathique 2 questionnaire | thoracoscopic resection of lung cancer | pain | 20 |
| Yoon et al | Long-term incidence of chronic postsurgical pain after thoracic surgery for lung cancer: a 10-year single-center retrospective study | 2020 | Case control | 4 | Moderate | 2007–2016 | Korea | 3200 patients who underwent thoracic surgery for lung cancer | numeric rating score | lung cancer surgery | pain | 21 |
| Gjeilo et al | Trajectories of Pain in Patients Undergoing Lung Cancer Surgery: A Longitudinal Prospective Study | 2020 | Case series | 4 | NA | 2010–2012 | Norway | 307 patients undergoing surgery for presumed lung cancer divided by those with low baseline levels of pain and high baseline levels | Brief pain inventory; Self-Administered Comorbidity Questionnaire-19 | lung cancer surgery | pain | 23 |
| Gryglicka et al | The patient’s readiness to accept the changes in life after the radical lung cancer surgery | 2020 | Case series | 4 | NA | 2016–2017 | Poland | 135 patients undergoing resection of lung cancer | Acceptance of illness scale; Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) | lung cancer surgery | acceptance | 31 |
| Van dams et al | Impact of Health-Related Quality of Life and Prediagnosis Risk of Major Depressive Disorder on Treatment Choice for Stage I Lung Cancer | 2019 | Cohort study | 3 | Moderate | 2004–2013 | United States | 140 patients with stage I non small cell lung cancer who also had major depressive disorder | SF-36 and the Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey | 140 patients with stage I NSCLC who have major depressive disorder | depression | 47 |
| Skrzypczak et al | Pneumonectomy – permanent injury or still effective method of treatment? Early and long-term results and quality of life after pneumonectomy due to non-small cell lung cancer | 2019 | Case control | 4 | Serious | 2008–2011 | Poland | 192 patients who underwent pneumonectomy for lung cancer | EORTC QLQ-C30 | pneumonectomy for lung cancer | cough, pain | 29 |
| Hugoy | Predicting postoperative fatigue in surgically treated lung cancer patients in Norway: a longitudinal 5-month follow-up study | 2019 | Case series | 4 | NA | 2010–2012 | Norway | 307 patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer | Lee Fatigue Scale; EORTC QLQ-LC13; Center for Epidemiologic Studies – Depression Scale; State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; General Sleep Disturbance Scale; Brief Pain Inventory | lung cancer surgery | fatigue | 60 |
| Xie et al | Analysis of factors related to chronic cough after lung cancer surgery | 2019 | Case control | 4 | Moderate | 2017–2018 | China | 171 who underwent lobectomy for NSCLC | Leicester Cough Questionnaire, and visual analogue scale for cough | lobectomy for NSCLC | cough, fatigue, depression, sleep disturbance | 44 |
| Shiyko et al | Intra-individual study of mindfulness: ecological momentary perspective in post-surgical lung cancer patients | 2019 | Case series | 4 | NA | 1999–2002 | United States | 59 patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer | Toronto Mindfulness Scale | lung cancer surgery | mindfulness | 82 |
| Ida et al | Preoperative sleep disruption and postoperative functional disability in lung surgery patients: a prospective observational study | 2019 | Case series | 4 | NA | 2016–2017 | Japan | 24 patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer | 12-item World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) | lung cancer surgery | sleep | 63 |
| Huang et al | The structural equation model on self-efficacy during post-op rehabilitation among non–small cell lung cancer patients | 2018 | Case series | 4 | NA | 2015 | China | 238 patients undergoing surgery for non small cell lung cancer | Self-Efficacy Scale for Postoperative Rehabilitation Management of Lung Cancer; FACT-L; HADS; Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support; simplified face scale; Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire; Athens Insomnia Scale; VAS; Posttraumatic Growth Inventory | lung cancer surgery | anxiety, depression | 57 |
| Mokhles et al | Treatment selection of early stage non-small cell lung cancer: the role of the patient in clinical decision making | 2018 | Case series | 4 | NA | 2012–2014 | Netherlands | 55 patients with NSCLC undergoing lung resection | Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS) and Control Preferences Scale (CPS), and perceived understanding of information regarding their disease and the treatment, SF-36 | lung resection for lung cancer | pain | 32 |
| Lin and Che | Risk factors of cough in non-small cell lung cancer patients after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery | 2018 | Case series | 4 | NA | 2016–2017 | China | 198 patients with non small cell lung cancer undergoing minimally invasive lung resection | Leicester Cough Questionnaire in Mandarin Chinese (LCQ-MC) | video assisted thoracoscopic lung resection | cough | 42 |
| Ni et al | Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Associated Risk Factors in Patients With Lung Cancer: A Longitudinal Observational Study | 2018 | Case control | 4 | Moderate | 2014–2015 | China | 93 patients newly diagnosed with lung cancer | Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist Civilian Version and EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-LC13 | diagnosis of lung cancer | PTSD, fatigue | 35 |
| Bando et al | Treatment-associated symptoms and coping of postoperative patients with lung cancer in Japan: Development of a model of factors influencing hope | 2018 | Case control | 4 | Serious | Not stated | Japan | 92 patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer | Herth Hope Index, EORTC QLQ-LC13, Japanese version of the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations, and Social Support Scale for Cancer Patients | lung cancer surgery | Hope | 45 |
| Malinowska | The relationship between chest pain and level of perioperative anxiety in patients with lung cancer | 2018 | Retrospective cohort study | 4 | Moderate | Not stated | Poland | 150 patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer divided into patients with chest pain preoperatively and those without | Non externally validated survey to assess chest pain and anxiety | lung cancer surgery | pain, anxiety | 34 |
| Chen et al | Self-efficacy, cancer-related fatigue, and quality of life in patients with resected lung cancer | 2018 | Case series | 4 | NA | 2014–2015 | China | 452 patients with NSCLC answering questionnaires regarding QOL, fatigue, and self efficacy | General Self–Efficacy Scale (GSES), Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory–Short Form (MFSI–SF), and Short Form Health Survey (SF–36) | lung cancer surgery | fatigue | 67 |
| Erol et al | Psychiatric assessments in patients operated on due to lung cancer | 2017 | Case series | 4 | NA | 2014 | Turkey | 25 patients undergoing lung resection for lung cancer | Experiences in Close Relationships Scale II, EORTC QLQ C-30, Perceived Family Support Scale, Stress Thermometer and Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale | lung resection for lung cancer | anxiety, depression | 50 |
| Grigor et al | Impact of Adverse Events and Length of Stay on Patient Experience After Lung Cancer Resection | 2017 | Case series | 4 | NA | 2008–2015 | Canada | 288 questionnaires from patients who underwent resection for lung cancer | Picker Patient Experience Questionnaire | lung resection for lung cancer | satisfaction | 74 |
| Khullar et al | Pilot Study to Integrate Patient Reported Outcomes After Lung Cancer Operations Into The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Database | 2017 | Case series | 4 | NA | 2014–2016 | United States | 127 patients undergoing lung resection for lung cancer | PROMIS instruments to assess pain intensity, anxiety, depression, sleep related impairment, ability to participate in social roles, informational and emotional support; cancer-fatigue, cancer-pain interference, and cancer-physical function and mobility | lung resection for lung cancer | pain, anxiety, depression | 13 |
| Halle et al | Trajectory of sleep disturbances in patients undergoing lung cancer surgery: a prospective study | 2017 | Case series | 4 | NA | Not stated | Norway | 307 patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer | General Sleep Disturbance Scale (GSDS) | surgery for lung cancer | sleep disturbance | 65 |
| Banik et al | Enabling, Not Cultivating: Received Social Support and Self-Efficacy Explain Quality of Life After Lung Cancer Surgery | 2017 | Case series | 4 | NA | Not stated | Poland | 102 patients undergoing lung resection for NSCLC | EORTC QLQ-C30, EORTC QLQ-LC13, self efficacy scale | surgery for lung cancer | self efficacy | 59 |
| Golden et al | “It wasn’t as bad as I thought it would be”: a qualitative study of early stage non-small cell lung cancer patients after treatment | 2017 | Case series | 4 | NA | Not stated | United States | 11 patients who underwent surgery or stereotactic body radiation therapy for early stage lung cancer | Subjective data | lung resection or stereotactic body radiation therapy | anxiety | 33 |
| Shi et al | Patient-Reported Symptom Interference as a Measure of Post surgery Functional Recovery in Lung Cancer | 2016 | Prospective Cohort study | 2 | Moderate | not stated | United States | 72 treatment-naïve patients with stage I or II NSCLC who were scheduled for thoracic surgery | MD Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDSI) and SF-12 | lung resection for cancer | pain, nausea, anxiety, sleep, appetite | 69 |
| Park et al | Risk factors for postoperative anxiety and depression after surgical treatment for lung cancer | 2016 | Case control | 3 | Moderate | 2010–2014 | South Korea | 278 patients undergoing curative lung resection for cancer | Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale | lung resection for cancer | anxiety, depression | 54 |
| Berman et al | Use of Survivorship Care Plans and Analysis of Patient-Reported Outcomes in Multinational Patients With Lung Cancer | 2016 | Case series | 4 | NA | 2010–2014 | Worldwide | 689 lung cancer survivors who created a survivorship care plan by logging into a public website (50% had undergone surgical treatment for their lung cancer) | patient reported outcomes | lung cancer diagnosis | dyspnea, fatigue | 61 |
| Kim et al | Patient perceptions regarding the likelihood of cure after surgical resection of lung and colorectal cancer | 2015 | Case series | 4 | NA | 2003–2005 | United States | 3954 patients identified in the Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance Consortium undergoing colon or lung resection for cancer | Patient reported data collected in the Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance Consortium | lung and colon resection for cancer | hope | 75 |
| Fagundes et al | Symptom recovery after thoracic surgery: Measuring patient-reported outcomes with the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory | 2015 | Case series | 4 | NA | 2004–2008 | United States | 60 patients undergoing lung resection for presumed lung cancer | MD Anderson Symptom Inventory | lung resection for lung cancer | pain, nausea, anxiety, sleep, appetite | 62 |
| Huang et al | Features of fatigue in patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer | 2015 | Case series | 4 | NA | 2005–2010 | China | 254 patients with early stage lung cancer who underwent pulmonary resection | Brief Fatigue Inventory, Physical Activity Questionnaire, Baseline Dyspnea Index, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale | lung cancer surgery | fatigue, dyspnea, anxiety, depression | 64 |
| Janet-Vendroux et al | Which is the Role of Pneumonectomy in the Era of Parenchymal-Sparing Procedures? Early/Long-Term Survival and Functional Results of a Single-Center Experience | 2015 | Case series | 4 | NA | 2005–2012 | France | 398 patients undergoing pneumonectomy for lung cancer | SF-12 | pneumonectomy | dyspnea | 39 |
| Oksholm et al | Changes in Symptom Occurrence and Severity Before and After Lung Cancer Surgery | 2015 | Case series | 4 | NA | Not stated | Norway | 228 patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer | Self-administered Comorbidity Questionnaire (SCQ-19); Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale | lung resection for cancer | dyspnea, fatigue, pain | 68 |
| Oksholm et al | Trajectories of Symptom Occurrence and Severity From Before Through Five Months After Lung Cancer Surgery | 2015 | Case series | 4 | NA | Not stated | Norway | 285 patients scheduled to undergo surgery for lung cancer | Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale; Self-Administered Comorbidity Questionnaire-19; EORTC QLQ-LC13 | lung resection for cancer | pain, nausea, anxiety, sleep, appetite | 43 |
| Antoniu and Mititiuc | Quality of life following lung cancer surgery: what about before? | 2014 | Prospective cohort study | 2 | Critical | 1997–2000 | Sweden | 132 patients undergoing lung resection compared to coronary artery bypass graft patients | SF-36, hospital anxiety and depression questionnaire, breathlessness questionnaire | lung resection | dyspnea | 56 |
| Jeantieu et al | Postoperative pain and subsequent PTSD-related symptoms in patients undergoing lung resection for suspected cancer | 2014 | Case series | 4 | NA | 2011 | France | 47 patients undergoing lung resection for cancer | Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; Impact of Event Scale - Revised to assess post traumatic stress disorder symptoms | lung cancer surgery | anxiety, depression | 37 |
| Lowery et al | Impact of symptom burden in post-surgical non-small cell lung cancer survivors | 2014 | Case series | 4 | NA | Not stated | United States | 183 patients post lung surgery for lung cancer | SF-36; brief pain inventory; brief fatigue inventory; baseline dyspnea index; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale | lung cancer resection | fatigue, dyspnea, anxiety, depression | 70 |
| Grosen et al | Persistent post-surgical pain following anterior thoracotomy for lung cancer: a cross-sectional study of prevalence, characteristics and interference with functioning | 2013 | Case series | 4 | NA | 2000–2009 | Denmark | 702 patients undergoing thoracotomy for lung cancer resection | Brief pain inventory | thoracotomy for lung cancer | pain | 28 |
| Koczywas et al | Longitudinal changes in function, symptom burden, and quality of life in patients with early-stage lung cancer | 2013 | Case series | 4 | NA | Not stated | United States | 103 patients with NSCLC (70% underwent lung resection) | Distress thermometer, FACT-L, Lung Cancer Syndrome Index; Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spirituality Tool, The Medical Outcomes Study Social Activity Limitations Scale; The MOS Social Support Survey; Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale | lung cancer treatment | pain, dyspnea | 66 |
| Lin et al | Pain, fatigue, disturbed sleep and distress comprised a symptom cluster that related to quality of life and functional status of lung cancer surgery patients | 2013 | Case series | 4 | NA | Not stated in abstract | China | 145 patients after lung cancer surgery | MD Anderson Symptom Inventory, Karnofsky Performance Scale and Quality of Life Instruments for Cancer Patients - Lung Cancer | Lung cancer surgery | pain, fatigue | 58 |
| Kinney et al | Chronic Post thoracotomy Pain and Health-Related Quality of Life | 2012 | Prospective Case Control | 3 | Low | Not stated | United States | 110 patients undergoing elective thoracotomy (83% for suspected neoplasm) | SF-36; Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS) | elective thoracotomy | pain | 27 |
| Yang et al | Quality of life and symptom burden among long-term lung cancer survivors | 2012 | Case series | 4 | NA | 1997–2003 | United States | 447 lung cancer survivors who are alive at least five years after diagnosis (68% underwent surgical resection; 27% combined surgery/chemoradiation) | LCSS | long term survivor of lung cancer | fatigue, pain, dyspnea, cough | 71 |
| Rodríguez-Quintana et al. | Assessment of quality of life, emotional state, and coping skills in patients with neoplastic pulmonary disease | 2012 | Case series | 4 | NA | Not stated | Spain | 121 preoperative patients | EORTC QLQ-C30, EORTC-LC13, HADS and Maental adjustment to cancer scale | lung resection for cancer | anxiety, depression, fatigue, pain | 48 |
| Pompili et al | Prospective external convergence evaluation of two different quality-of-life instruments in lung resection patients | 2011 | Prospective cohort study | 2 | Low | 2009 | Italy | 33 post surgical patients | EORTC QLQ-C30 with lung module 13 and SF-36 | lung resection for cancer | fatigue, nausea, pain, dyspnea, insomnia | 40 |
| Guastella et al | A prospective study of neuropathic pain induced by thoracotomy: incidence, clinical description, and diagnosis | 2011 | Case series | 4 | NA | Not stated | France | 54 patients undergoing thoracotomy for surgical treatment of lung cancer | visual analogue scale, douleure neuropathique (DN4) questionnaire | thoracotomy for lung cancer | pain | 26 |
| Rolke et al | HRQoL changes, mood disorders and satisfaction after treatment in an unselected population of patients with lung cancer | 2010 | Prospective cohort study | 2 | Low | 2002–2005 | Norway | 492 patients receiving NSCLC treatment (surgery, chemo, radiation, supportive care) | EORTC QLQ-C30/QLQ-LC13, sense of coherence, hospital anxiety and depression scale | NSCLC post first modality treatment | anxiety, depression | 51 |
| Sarna et al | Women with lung cancer: quality of life after thoracotomy: a 6-month prospective study | 2010 | Prospective Cohort study | 2 | Low | Not stated | United States | 119 NSCLC female survivors between 6 and 6 years post-diagnosis and who received curative surgical treatment (all thoracotomies) | SF-36 | lung resection for cancer | depression, dyspnea | 49 |
| Wang et al | Post-discharge health care needs of patients after lung cancer resection | 2010 | Prospective case control | 3 | Moderate | 2005 | China | 62 patients undergoing lung resection for cancer | Symptom Distress Scale–Chinese Modified Form, Social Support Scale, Health Needs Scale, visual analogue scale | lung resection for cancer | pain | 73 |
| Feinstein et al | Current dyspnea among long-term survivors of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer | 2010 | Case series | 4 | NA | 2005–2007 | United States | 342 patients undergoing lung resection for stage I NSCLC | Baseline Dyspnea Index, Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale | lung resection for lung cancer | dyspnea, anxiety, depression | 41 |
| Balduyck et al | Quality of life after lung cancer surgery: a prospective pilot study comparing bronchial sleeve lobectomy with pneumonectomy | 2008 | Prospective cohort study | 2 | Moderate | 2003–2005 | Belgium | 10 patients undergoing sleeve lobectomy and 20 patients undergoing pneumonectomy | EORTC QOLQ-LC13 | sleeve lobectomy or pneumonectomy for lung cancer | dyspnea, pain | 30 |
| Oh et al | Prospective analysis of depression and psychological distress before and after surgical resection of lung cancer | 2007 | Case series | 4 | NA | 1997–2003 | Japan | 165 patients with lung cancer scheduled for surgical treatment | Profile of Mood States questionnaire | lung resection for cancer | depression | 55 |
| Walker et al | Depressive symptoms after lung cancer surgery: Their relation to coping style and social support | 2006 | Prospective Cohort study | 2 | Moderate | 2001–2004 | US | 132 postsurgical patients with early stage NSCLC that smoked 3 months prior to surgery | Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) scale, Social Support Inventory (SSI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) | lung resection for non small cell lung cancer | depression | 53 |
| Sarna et al | Impact of respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function on quality of life of long-term survivors of non-small cell lung cancer | 2004 | Cross Sectional | 2 | Moderate | not stated | United States | 142 disease-free NSCLC survivors (5 years minimum) | SF-36, Division of Lung Disease/American Thoracic Society (ATS) questionnaire (respiratory symptoms) | NA | dyspnea | 38 |
| Myrdal et al | Quality of life following lung cancer surgery | 2002 | Prospective Cohort study | 2 | Moderate | 1997–2004 | Sweden | 194 patients undergoing open surgery for lung cancer compared to matched patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting for coronary artery disease | SF-36, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale | lung resection for cancer and coronary bypass | anxiety, depression | 52 |
| Wildgaard et al | Consequences of persistent pain after lung cancer surgery: a nationwide questionnaire study | 2001 | Retrospective Cohort study | 3 | Moderate | 2005–2007 | Denmark | 546 patients undergoing lung resection for cancer divided into those who developed post thoracotomy pain syndrome and those who had not | subjective assessment of impact of pain on ADLs, sleep | lung resection for lung cancer (VATS and thoracotomy) | pain | 24 |
| Goodman | Meeting patients’ post-discharge needs after lung cancer surgery | 2000 | Case series | 4 | NA | Not stated | United Kingdom | 6 patients who held diaries perioperatively while undergoing surgery for lung cancer | Subjective data | surgery for lung cancer | pain | 46 |