Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Trial Populations.*
| Total Study Population by Assignment to Stage 1 Interventions |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | SOC | CCT | SMS | |
| n | 1809 | 605 | 656 | 548 |
| Age — yr, median (25th to 75th percentile) | 31.5 (11.9) | 31.7 (11.5) | 31.5 (13.7) | 31.3 (10.5) |
| Male sex — no. (%) | 623 (34.4) | 213 (35.2) | 229 (34.9) | 181 (33.0) |
| Occupation — no. (%) | ||||
| Farmer | 195 (10.8) | 62 (10.2) | 80 (12.2) | 53 (9.7) |
| Teacher | 39 (2.2) | 11 (1.8) | 19 (2.9) | 9 (1.6) |
| Fisherfolk | 16 (0.9) | 8 (1.3) | 1 (0.2) | 7 (1.3) |
| Housework | 59 (3.3) | 19 (3.1) | 19 (2.9) | 21 (3.8) |
| Small business owner/trader | 626 (34.6) | 218 (36.0) | 229 (34.9) | 179 (32.7) |
| Driver | 72 (4.0) | 20 (3.3) | 27 (4.1) | 25 (4.6) |
| Professional | 50 (2.8) | 19 (3.1) | 17 (2.6) | 14 (2.6) |
| Security | 33 (1.8) | 10 (1.7) | 13 (2.0) | 10 (1.8) |
| Casual labor | 163 (9.0) | 69 (11.4) | 54 (8.2) | 40 (7.3) |
| Student | 39 (2.2) | 14 (2.3) | 14 (2.1) | 11 (2.0) |
| Unemployed | 231 (12.8) | 66 (10.9) | 74 (11.3) | 91 (16.6) |
| Other | 281 (15.5) | 89 (14.7) | 107 (16.3) | 85 (15.5) |
| Missing | 5 (0.3) | — | 2 (0.3) | 3 (0.5) |
| Education level — no. (%) | ||||
| None | 48 (2.7) | 14 (2.3) | 11 (1.7) | 23 (4.2) |
| Some primary | 1076 (59.5) | 362 (59.8) | 376 (57.3) | 338 (61.7) |
| Some secondary | 526 (29.1) | 175 (28.9) | 211 (32.2) | 140 (25.5) |
| Some college/university | 155 (8.6) | 54 (8.9) | 56 (8.5) | 45 (8.2) |
| Missing | 4 (0.2) | — | 2 (0.3) | 2 (0.4) |
| Date of ART initiation, median date (25th percentile to 75th percentile in number of days) | 5/25/2016 (192 days) | 5/31/2016 (184 days) | 5/23/2016 (197 days) | 5/16/2016 (201 days) |
| Date of study enrollment, median date (25th percentile to 75th percentile in number of days) | 5/31/2016 (191 days) | 6/6/2016 (183 days) | 5/30/2016 (195 days) | 5/24/2016 (195 days) |
| Site — no. (%) | ||||
| Ahero County Hospital | 131 (7.2) | 48 (7.9) | 55 (8.4) | 28 (5.1) |
| Lumumba Hospital | 704 (38.9) | 235 (38.8) | 246 (37.5) | 223 (40.7) |
| Pandiperiri Clinic | 145 (8.0) | 47 (7.8) | 55 (8.4) | 43 (7.8) |
| Migori District Hospital | 439 (24.3) | 147 (24.3) | 158 (24.1) | 134 (24.5) |
| Rongo District Hospital | 390 (21.6) | 128 (21.2) | 142 (21.6) | 120 (21.9) |
| CD4 at ART initiation — median (25th percentile to 75th percentile) | 362.5 (321.2)† | 349 (318.75)‡ | 384 (324)§ | 342 (315)¶ |
| WHO stage at ART initiation — no. (%) | ||||
| Stage 1 | 1093 (60.4) | 363 (60.0) | 401 (61.1) | 329 (60.0) |
| Stage 2 | 531 (29.4) | 198 (32.7) | 180 (27.4) | 153 (27.9) |
| Stages 3 and 4 | 185 (10.2) | 44 (7.3) | 75 (11.4) | 66 (12.0) |
| Pregnant at ART initiation — no. (%) | 121 (10.3) | 36 (9.2) | 54 (12.7) | 32 (8.7) |
| PHQ-9 >2 at ART enrollment — no. (%) | 159 (8.8) | 58 (9.6) | 59 (9.0) | 42 (7.7) |
| MOS — median (25th percentile to 75th percentile) | 3 (2) | 3 (2) | 3 (2) | 3 (3) |
| Food insecurity — median (25th percentile to 75th percentile) | 6 (10) | 7 (10) | 6 (10) | 6 (10) |
ART denotes antiretroviral therapy; CCT, conditional cash transfers for on-time visits; food insecurity, food insecurity assessed by a modified six-item Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (score range 0 to 18, with lower scores indicating less food insecurity); MOS, Medical Outcomes Study instrument assessing social support short form (scale 0 to 4, with 0 as least support); PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (score range 0 to 27 with lower scores indicating less depression); SMS, Short Message System text message intervention; SOC, standard of care with routine education and counseling; and WHO, World Health Organization.19,20
Data missing for n=377.
Data missing for n=121.
Data missing for n=143.
Data missing for n=113.