Table 3.
The efficacy of periconceptional folic acid-containing multivitamin supplementation in the primary prevention of some major CA-groups in the two Hungarian intervention trials
| Isolated CA groups | Hungarian intervention trials | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RCT | TCT | Pooled data | ||||
| No supplement (n=2,391) | Supple-ment (n=2,471) | No supplement (n=3,056) | Supplement (n=3,056) | No supplement (n=5,447) | Supple-ment (n=5,527) | |
| Urinary tract CAs | ||||||
| Obstructive CAs | ||||||
| Pelvicureteric junction | 4 | 0 | 13 | 2 | 17 | 2 |
| Other locations | 1 | 1 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 9 |
| Renal a/dysgenesis | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| Cystic kidney | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| Total | 9 | 2 | 19 | 14 | 28 | 16 |
| OR (95% CI) | 0.21 (0.05, 0.95) | 0.71 (0.33, 1.50) | 0.56 (0.30, 1.04) | |||
| Cardiovascular CAs | ||||||
| Conotruncal | ||||||
| Ventricular septal defect | 8 | 2 | 19 | 5 | 27 | 7 |
| Others | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
| Subtotal | 10 | 3 | 20 | 8 | 30 | 11 |
| Others | 10 | 7 | 30 | 23 | 40 | 30 |
| Total | 20 | 10 | 50 | 31 | 70 | 41 |
| OR (95% CI) | 0.42 (0.19, 0.98) | 0.60 (0.38, 0.96) | 0.57 (0.39, 0.85) | |||
| Limb reduction CAs | ||||||
| Terminal transverse | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 2 |
| Others | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Total | 5 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 8 | 2 |
| OR (95% CI) | 0.19 (0.03, 1.18) | 0.33 (0.01, 3.71) | 0.25 (0.05, 1.16) | |||
| Congenital pyloric stenosis | 8 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 2 |
| OR (95% CI) | 0.24 (0.05, 1.14) | 0.00 (0.00, 26.8) | 0.20 (0.04, 0.90) | |||
| Orofacial clefts | ||||||
| Cleft lip±palate | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 7 |
| Posterior cleft palate | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Total | 5 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 8 | 8 |
| OR (95% CI) | 0.77 (0.22, 2.69) | 1.63 (0.31, 2.88) | 0.99 (0.37, 2.63) | |||