Table 2.
Pathogenic fungi and oomycetes in aquaponics that are potentially hazardous for human health.
| Fungi | Fish Species | Plant Type | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Molds | |||
| Acremonium spp. | Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) | [66] | |
| Aspergilllus spp. | Clarias (Clarias gariepinus) | [66] | |
| Aspergilllus flavus | Carp (Cyprinus carpio) | [177] | |
| Aspergilllus niger | Carp (Cyprinus carpio) | [177] | |
| Cladosporium spp. | Clarias (Clarias gariepinus) | [66] | |
| Fusarium spp. | Clarias (Clarias gariepinus); Carp (Cyprinus carpio) | Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) | [66,175,177] |
| Phaeoacremonium spp. | Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) | [66] | |
| Macrophomina spp. | Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) | [66] | |
| Microascus spp. | Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) | [66] | |
| Mucor spp. | Clarias (Clarias gariepinus) | [66] | |
| Penicillium spp. | Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus); Carp (Cyprinus carpio) | [66,177] | |
| Rhizopus spp. | Carp (Cyprinus carpio) | [177] | |
| Trichoderma spp. | Clarias (Clarias gariepinus); Carp (Cyprinus carpio) | [66,177] | |
| Wallemia spp. | Clarias (Clarias gariepinus) | [66] | |
| Yeasts | |||
| Aureobasidium spp. | Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) | [66] | |
| Candida spp. | Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) | [66] | |
| Candida albicans | Carp (Cyprinus carpio) | [177] | |
| Candida parapsilosis | Carp (Cyprinus carpio) | [177] | |
| Cryptococcus spp. | Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) | [66] | |
| Debaryomyces spp. | Clarias (Clarias gariepinus) | [66] | |
| Malassezia spp. | Clarias (Clarias gariepinus) | [66] | |
| Rhodotorula spp. | Clarias (Clarias gariepinus) | [66] | |
| Sterigmatomyces spp. | Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) | [66] | |
| Sporobolomyces spp. | Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) | [66] | |
| Trichosporon spp. | Clarias (Clarias gariepinus); Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) | [66] | |
| Oomycetes | |||
| Pythium spp. | Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) | [175] |