Table 1.
PVDF and PVDF-TrFE bulk-scale piezoelectric properties.
| Material | Values | Crystallinity | % β-Phase | d33 (pC/N) |
εr | d332/(εrε0) or d33g33 (m2/N × 10−12) |
Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PVDF (Bulk) |
Generally Accepted Values |
~50–60% [15] | - | −13–(−35) | 8–15 | 17 | [25,35,36,37,38] |
| Different Industrial Datasheets |
- | - | −30 | 8–10 | 12 | [39] | |
| - | >80% of total crystallinity |
−23–(−28) | 13.5 | 6.6 | [40] | ||
| - | - | −33 | - | - | [41] | ||
| PVDF-TrFE (Bulk) |
Generally Accepted Values |
- | - | −24–(−39) | 5–20 | 34 | [25,35,37,38,42] |
| Different Industrial Datasheets |
80–90% [43] | - | >25 | 7.5–8.5 | 9.5 | [44] | |
| - | - | −38 | 7.9 | 21 | [45] |