Table 2.
Comparison of 1-3 composites of PVDF/PVDF-TrFE (OC, SC, OD, ID, Ø, and l stand for open circuit, short circuit, outer diameter, inner diameter, diameter, and length, respectively. Numbers in blue are values for pure PVDF/PVDF-TrFE films/structures the author of the study made).
| Material | Poled | V (V) | I (μA) | Resistor (MΩ) | Power Density (μW/cm2) |
Xc | % β-Phase |
d33 (pC/N) |
εr | d332/(εrε0) or d33g33 (m2/N × 10−12) |
Power Density /(Force × Hz) µW/ (cm2∙N∙Hz) |
Loading | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [78] | PVDF-TrFE NTs (OD Ø 350 nm ID Ø 230 nm) | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | −35 −17.8 |
7.7 13.2 |
18 2.72 |
- | - |
| [81] | PVDF-TrFE NTs (OD Ø 200 nm ID Ø 40–60 nm) | ✓ | 4.8 | - | 0.576 | 2.2 | - | - | 40–44 18–24 |
- | - | 0.37 | 0.075 MPa 1 Hz |
| [82] | PVDF-TrFE (Ø 19 nm l = 169 nm) | ✓ | - | - | - | - | - | - | 210/ 72.7/ 14.0 |
- | - | - | - |
| [76] | PVDF-TrFE (Ø ~400 nm l = ~10 µm) | ✓ | 1.1 | - | - | - | 57.7 50.8 |
48.2 38.2 |
- | - | - | - | 2.5 N 2 Hz |
| [83] | PVDF-TrFE NWs (Ø 60 nm) | X | - | - | - | - | - | - | 25–45 16–23 |
- | - | - | - |
| [80] | PVDF-TrFE Microwire (Ø ~ 8 µm l = ~50 μm) |
✓ | 4 @10 MOhms | 2.6 @ 50 kPa | 2.3 | 5 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.16 | 30 N 1 Hz |
| [84] | PVDF-TrFE Microwire (Ø 80 μm l = 120 μm) MWBNNTs Ø 4.3–9.3 nm |
✓ | 22 | - | 6 | 11.3 | - | - | 14 ~3.5 |
- | - | 0.14 | Compression 40 N (0.4 MPa) 2 Hz |
| [85] | PVDF-TrFE (Ø 22 μm l = 50 μm) BaTiO3 NP Ø 200 nm |
✓ | 13.2 OC |
0.33 SC |
3.8 | 12.7 | - | - | 35.3 14.6 |
24 12 |
5.89 2.01 |
0.25 | Compression 50 N (0.5 MPa) 1 Hz |