Table 3.
Comparison of 3-1 composites of PVDF/PVDF-TrFE (OC, SC, Ø, and l stand for open circuit, short circuit, diameter, and length, respectively. No Xc data were given and so the column was removed. Numbers in blue are values for pure PVDF films the author of the study made).
| Material | Poled | V (V) | I (μA) | Resistor (MΩ) | Power Density (μW/cm2) | % β-Phase |
d33 (pC/N) |
εr | d332/(εrε0) or d33g33 (m2/N × 10−12) |
Power Density /(Force × Hz) µW/(cm2∙N∙Hz) |
Loading | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [86] | PVDF-ZnO (Ø ~ 200 nm) |
X | 46.64 | 1.392 SC |
15 | 45.87 1800× |
94.4% of total crystallinity 53 |
- | - | - | 3.7 | Finger Tapping ~12–14 kPa 3 Hz |
| [87] | PVDF-ZnO (Ø hundreds of nm) | ✓ | ~0.7 OC ~0.3 OC |
~0.05 SC ~0.01 SC |
- | - | - | - | ~2.4 ~1.3 |
- | - | Bending 3.2% strain |
| [88] | PVDF- ZnO (Ø ~ 30 nm) |
X | - | - | - | - | - | 14.91 ± 4.39 5.35 ± 1.42 |
- | - | - | - |
| [89] | PVDF (Ø 160 nm)-ZnO (l = 1.5 µm Ø 120 nm) | X | 0.356 OC ~0.216 |
0.456 SC 0.212 |
- | - | 90% of total crystallinity | - | - | - | - | Compression 4 N 6 Hz |
| [90] | PVDF-ZnO (Ø 200 nm l = 3 µm) |
X | 2.73 | 152.2 | 0.018 | 103.9 | - | - | - | - | - | Compression 125 Pa |