Table 4.
Adjusted prevalence odds ratio (95% CI) of berry consumption associated with self-reported long or short sleep duration, N = 29,217.
| Types of Berries | Case # (Consumers/ Nonconsumers) |
Self-Reported Sleep Duration | Adjusted OR (95% CI) for Model 1 |
p-Value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) for Model 2 |
p-Value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) for Model 3 |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Berries | ||||||||
| 1962/8197 | Short sleep | 0.75 (0.68, 0.83) | <0.0001 | 0.89 (0.80, 0.98) | 0.019 | 0.90 (0.81, 0.993) | 0.037 | |
| 719/2684 | Long sleep | 0.80 (0.69, 0.93) | 0.004 | 0.96 (0.83, 1.12) | 0.639 | 1.00 (0.86, 1.17) | 0.97 | |
| 3736/11,919 | Normal sleep | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Strawberries | ||||||||
| 1214/8945 | Short sleep | 0.75 (0.68, 0.83) | <0.0001 | 0.88 (0.80, 0.98) | 0.014 | 0.90 (0.81, 0.99) | 0.024 | |
| 461/2942 | Long sleep | 0.87 (0.75, 1.02) | 0.092 | 1.04 (0.89, 1.22) | 0.627 | 1.08 (0.92, 1.26) | 0.351 | |
| 2326/13,329 | Normal sleep | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Blueberries | ||||||||
| 703/9456 | Short sleep | 0.69 (0.60, 0.81) | <0.0001 | 0.82 (0.70, 0.96) | 0.012 | 0.83 (0.71, 0.97) | 0.018 | |
| 296/3107 | Long sleep | 0.82 (0.66, 1.01) | 0.061 | 0.99 (0.80, 1.24) | 0.952 | 1.03 (0.83, 1.28) | 0.775 | |
| 1494/14,161 | Normal sleep | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Cranberries | ||||||||
| 272/9887 | Short sleep | 0.70 (0.54, 0.91) | 0.007 | 0.84 (0.65, 1.09) | 0.182 | 0.85 (0.66, 1.10) | 0.217 | |
| 102/3301 | Long sleep | 0.88 (0.66, 1.19) | 0.416 | 1.09 (0.80, 1.48) | 0.595 | 1.13 (0.83, 1.55) | 0.429 | |
| 560/15,095 | Normal sleep | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Raspberries | ||||||||
| 105/10,054 | Short sleep | 0.69 (0.45, 1.04) | 0.075 | 0.83 (0.54, 1.27) | 0.392 | 0.84 (0.55, 1.28) | 0.416 | |
| 35/3368 | Long sleep | 0.79 (0.48, 1.30) | 0.346 | 0.98 (0.59, 1.63) | 0.923 | 1.00 (0.60, 1.66) | 0.995 | |
| 222/15,433 | Normal sleep | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Blackberries | ||||||||
| 58/10,101 | Short sleep | 0.58 (0.34, 0.99) | 0.045 | 0.73 (0.43, 1.26) | 0.265 | 0.74 (0.43, 1.29) | 0.277 | |
| 19/3384 | Long sleep | 0.44 (0.21, 0.95) | 0.034 | 0.57 (0.26, 1.26) | 0.166 | 0.58 (0.27, 1.29) | 0.182 | |
| 148/15,507 | Normal sleep | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Model 2: further adjusted for education level, poverty-to-income ratio, physical activity, current smoking status, depression severity, BMI, alcohol consumption, total energy, and caffeine intake. Model 3: further adjusted for education level, poverty-to-income ratio, physical activity, current smoking status, depression severity, BMI, alcohol consumption, total energy, caffeine intake, and modified HEI-2015.