Figure 13.

Compounds 19a and 19m induced cell apoptosis in HG-3 and PGA-1 leukaemia cells. HG-3 and PGA-1 leukaemia cells were treated with 19a and 19m (10 and 1.0 µM) and control vehicle (1% DMSO (v/v)) at 48 h. (A) Compound 19a (10 µM concentration) treatment in HG-3 cells; (B) compound 19a (1 µM concentration) treatment in HG-3 cells; (C) HG-3 cells treatment with vehicle 1% DMSO; (D) compound 19m (10 µM concentration) in PGA-1 cells; (E) compound 19m (1 µM concentration) in PGA-1 cells; (F) PGA-1 cells treatment with vehicle 1% DMSO. The % of apoptotic cells was determined by staining with Annexin V-FITC and PI. The lower left quadrant shows cells that are negative for both Annexin V-FITC and PI, and upper left shows only PI cells that are necrotic. The lower right quadrant shows Annexin-positive cells that are in the early apoptotic stage, and the upper right shows cell lines that are both Annexin- and PI-positive, which are in the late apoptosis stage.