(a) HeK293 cell viability with the administration of PEI-GQD delivery vehicle (mean ± SE, n = 3). (b) PC-3 and HeK293 cell viability after the treatment with PEI-GQD/RNP+ssODN and Lipofectamine/RNP+ssODN therapeutic formulations (mean ± SE, n = 3, P-values are calculated using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post-hoc test, *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001), ****P<0.0001). (c) Trypan blue-stained dead PC-3 cells (encircled).