Table 7.
Comparison of pharmacokinetic parameters of withanoside IV concentration in blood plasma with Withania somnifera extracts.
| Parameters | WS-35 |
WS-2.5 |
LSM Difference ± SE | 95% CI |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LSM ± SE | LSM ± SE | Lower | Upper | |||
| AUC 0-inf∗ | 92.516 ± 14.344 | 11.345 ± 0.354 | 81.171 ± 14.202 | 50.489 | 111.852 | 0.00007 |
| AUC 0-t∗ | 36.985 ± 2.808 | 6.989 ± 0.12 | 29.996 ± 2.777 | 23.996 | 35.996 | <0.001 |
| AUC ext∗ | 55.531 ± 12.136 | 4.357 ± 0.362 | 51.174 ± 12.049 | 25.145 | 77.204 | 0.00095 |
| Clearance∗ | 2.635 ± 0.353 | 16.529 ± 0.442 | −13.894 ± 0.398 | −14.753 | −13.035 | <0.001 |
| Cmax∗ | 7.231 ± 0.416 | 2.668 ± 0.041 | 4.563 ± 0.405 | 3.689 | 5.437 | <0.001 |
| Ke∗ | 0.1 ± 0.013 | 0.302 ± 0.014 | −0.202 ± 0.014 | −0.232 | −0.172 | <0.001 |
| Lambda Z∗ | 0.1 ± 0.013 | 0.302 ± 0.014 | −0.202 ± 0.014 | −0.232 | −0.172 | <0.001 |
| Mean Residence Time∗ | 12.907 ± 1.621 | 4.178 ± 0.231 | 8.729 ± 1.574 | 5.328 | 12.13 | 0.00009 |
| t half∗ | 8.856 ± 1.152 | 2.425 ± 0.181 | 6.431 ± 1.109 | 4.035 | 8.827 | 0.00006 |
| t max# | 1.763 ± 0.068 | 1.571 ± 0.066 | 0.192 ± 0.106 | −0.037 | 0.421 | 0.09342 |
| Vz∗ | 27.669 ± 2.626 | 56.376 ± 2.463 | −28.707 ± 3.221 | −35.666 | −21.748 | <0.001 |
∗
2 × 2 cross-over design using t-test.
#
2 × 2 cross-over design using Mann-Whitney test.