Table 8.

Comparison of pharmacokinetic parameters of total withanolides concentration in blood plasma with Withania somnifera extracts.

Parameters	WS-35	WS-2.5	LSM Difference ± SE	95% CI		P value
	LSM ± SE	LSM ± SE		Lower	Upper
AUC 0-inf∗	815.036 ± 22.591	44.757 ± 0.573	770.278 ± 22.73	721.173	819.383	<0.001
AUC 0-t∗	662.568 ± 18.176	37.833 ± 0.504	624.735 ± 18.107	585.618	663.852	<0.001
AUC ext∗	152.468 ± 12.267	6.925 ± 0.162	145.543 ± 12.299	118.973	172.113	<0.001
Clearance∗	0.23 ± 0.007	4.144 ± 0.054	−3.914 ± 0.056	−4.035	−3.793	<0.001
Cmax∗	60.66 ± 1.086	10.789 ± 0.128	49.871 ± 1.128	47.433	52.308	<0.001
Ke∗	0.073 ± 0.003	0.369 ± 0.006	−0.296 ± 0.005	−0.307	−0.285	<0.001
Lambda Z∗	0.073 ± 0.003	0.369 ± 0.006	−0.296 ± 0.005	−0.307	−0.285	<0.001
Mean Residence Time∗	14.458 ± 0.565	3.503 ± 0.028	10.955 ± 0.559	9.747	12.162	<0.001
t half∗	9.756 ± 0.517	1.882 ± 0.03	7.874 ± 0.509	6.775	8.972	<0.001
t max#	2.277 ± 0.09	1.5 ± 0	0.777 ± 0.09	0.581	0.972	<0.001
Vz∗	3.207 ± 0.155	11.257 ± 0.244	−8.051 ± 0.204	−8.491	−7.611	<0.001

^∗2 × 2 cross-over design using t-test.

^#2 × 2 cross-over design using Mann-Whitney test.