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. 2023 Dec 22;123(1):67. doi: 10.1007/s00436-023-08084-y

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Efficacy of different LiCl administrations and positive control shown as box plots and mean by x. Positive control colonies (n = 9) were treated with 250 ml 60% formic acid. For A1 (n = 6) we applied 2.5 kg 50 mM LiCl candy over a period of 9 days; A2 colonies (n = 10) received 2 kg 50 mM LiCl candy in 5 days; for A3 (n = 10) we applied 0.5 kg of 50 mM LiCl candy four times in seven-day intervals (total of 2 kg candy) without caging the queen. Box plots with different letters are statistically different (Dunn’s test, p < 0.05, additional data are given in Online Resource 4)