Table 4.
Healthcare resource utilization associated with HZ in patients with IC/AID during the 12-month follow-up period
| IC/AID with HZ | Matched groupa | Incremental utilizationb | Ratio (95% CI)c | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | Mean | Mean | Crude | Adjustedd | |
| Overall HZe | ||||||||
| Number of outpatient visits, n | 39.34 (34.32) | 30 (31) | 29.41 (29.8) | 22 (26) | 9.93 | 8 | 1.34 (1.34–1.34) | 1.28 (1.28–1.29) |
| Number of hospitalizations, n | 0.94 (2.29) | 0 (1) | 0.72 (2.17) | 0 (1) | 0.22 | 0 | 1.30 (1.29–1.32) | 1.31 (1.30–1.32) |
| Length of hospitalization, days | 8.15 (28.68) | 0 (4) | 7.39 (34.23) | 0 (1) | 0.76 | 0 | 1.10 (1.10–1.11) | 1.14 (1.14–1.15) |
| Number of ER visits, n | 1.45 (3.98) | 0 (1) | 1.09 (3.54) | 0 (1) | 0.36 | 0 | 1.33 (1.32–1.34) | 1.32 (1.31–1.33) |
| HZ with complications* | ||||||||
| Number of outpatient visits, n | 44.81 (38.58) | 35 (35) | 30.41 (30.54) | 23 (27) | 14.40 | 12 | 1.47 (1.47–1.48) | 1.39 (1.38–1.39) |
| Number of hospitalizations, n | 1.05 (2.41) | 0 (1) | 0.75 (2.23) | 0 (1) | 0.30 | 0 | 1.41 (1.38–1.43) | 1.41 (1.39–1.43) |
| Length of hospitalization, days | 9.28 (30) | 0 (6) | 7.85 (35.4) | 0 (1) | 1.43 | 0 | 1.18 (1.18–1.19) | 1.23 (1.22–1.24) |
| Number of ER visits, n | 1.58 (4.04) | 0 (2) | 1.1 (3.2) | 0 (1) | 0.48 | 0 | 1.43 (1.41–1.45) | 1.41 (1.39–1.43) |
| HZ with complications with exception of PHN* | ||||||||
| Number of outpatient visits, n | 40.68 (35.35) | 31 (32) | 29.51 (29.81) | 22 (26) | 11.16 | 9 | 1.38 (1.37–1.38) | 1.31 (1.30–1.31) |
| Number of hospitalizations, n | 0.9 (2.24) | 0 (1) | 0.7 (2.16) | 0 (1) | 0.20 | 0 | 1.29 (1.27–1.31) | 1.30 (1.27–1.32) |
| Length of hospitalization, days | 7.84 (28.73) | 0 (4) | 7.16 (33.47) | 0 (1) | 0.68 | 0 | 1.09 (1.09–1.10) | 1.14 (1.13–1.14) |
| Number of ER visits, n | 1.37 (3.34) | 0 (1) | 1.05 (3.09) | 0 (1) | 0.32 | 0 | 1.30 (1.28–1.32) | 1.29 (1.27–1.31) |
| HZ with PHN | ||||||||
| Number of outpatient visits, n | 58.88 (45.24) | 48 (42) | 33.46 (32.74) | 25 (29) | 25.43 | 23 | 1.76 (1.75–1.77) | 1.61 (1.60–1.62) |
| Number of hospitalizations, n | 1.57 (2.85) | 1 (2) | 0.92 (2.44) | 0 (1) | 0.65 | 1 | 1.71 (1.67–1.76) | 1.71 (1.66–1.76) |
| Length of hospitalization, days | 14.2 (33.51) | 1 (13) | 10.2 (41.24) | 0 (2) | 4.00 | 1 | 1.39 (1.38–1.40) | 1.46 (1.44–1.47) |
| Number of ER visits, n | 2.3 (5.77) | 1 (3) | 1.28 (3.53) | 0 (1) | 1.02 | 1 | 1.80 (1.76–1.84) | 1.74 (1.70–1.78) |
| HZ without complications* | ||||||||
| Number of outpatient visits, n | 36.33 (31.32) | 28 (28) | 28.86 (29.37) | 21 (26) | 7.47 | 7 | 1.26 (1.26–1.26) | 1.24 (1.24–1.24) |
| Number of hospitalizations, n | 0.87 (2.21) | 0 (1) | 0.7 (2.14) | 0 (1) | 0.17 | 0 | 1.24 (1.23–1.26) | 1.25 (1.24–1.27) |
| Length of hospitalization, days | 7.53 (27.91) | 0 (3) | 7.14 (33.57) | 0 (1) | 0.38 | 0 | 1.05 (1.05–1.06) | 1.09 (1.09–1.1) |
| Number of ER visits, n | 1.38 (3.94) | 0 (1) | 1.08 (3.72) | 0 (1) | 0.30 | 0 | 1.27 (1.26–1.29) | 1.27 (1.26–1.28) |
AID autoimmune disease, CCI Charlson comorbidity index, CI confidence interval, HZ herpes zoster, ER emergency room, HZ herpes zoster, IC immunocompromised condition, IQR interquartile range, PHN postherpetic neuralgia, SD standard deviation
aMatched according to age group, sex, CCI, and prevalence period of IC/AID
bDifferences of healthcare resource utilization between IC/AID with HZ and matched group
cEstimated by generalized linear model with Poisson distribution
dAdjusted for age group, sex, medical institution on the index date, CCI score, common comorbidities, medical costs per patient, number of outpatient visits, number of hospitalizations, and mean length of stay per hospitalization within 1 year prior to the index date
eOverall HZ includes individuals diagnosed with HZ with PHN or HZ without complications among individuals with IC/AID and their matched individuals
fHZ with complications includes patients diagnosed with both HZ and complications among patients with IC/AID and their matched individuals
gHZ without complications included patients diagnosed with both HZ and B02.9 or only HZ among patients with IC/AID and their matched individuals
*Complications include cutaneous, disseminated, ocular, neurologic, and other complications