Table 5.
All-cause total medical costs associated with HZ among patients with IC/AID during the 12-month follow-up period
| IC/AID with HZ, ₩ | Matched group, ₩a | Incremental cost, ₩b | Cost ratio (95% CI)c | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | Mean | Median | Crude | Adjustedd | |
| Overall HZe | ||||||||
| 12-month total medical costs per patient | 6,226,140 (11,746,593) | 2,953,357 (4,801,895) | 4,887,665 (10,545,435) | 2,056,380 (3,729,624) | 1,338,475 | 896,977 | 1.21 (1.20–1.22) | 1.19 (1.18–1.20) |
| 12-month total direct medical costs | 4,759,671 (11,243,296) | 1,536,395 (3,390,185) | 3,786,658 (10,126,378) | 1,032,975 (2,425,310) | 973,013 | 503,420 | 1.20 (1.18–1.21) | 1.18 (1.17–1.19) |
| 12-month total indirect medical costs | 1,466,469 (2,002,394) | 981,507 (2,140,564) | 1,101,007 (1,644,953) | 615,230 (1,584,005) | 365,462 | 366,277 | 1.28 (1.27–1.29) | 1.25 (1.24–1.26) |
| HZ with complications* | ||||||||
| 12-month total medical costs per patient | 6,594,608 (11,870,943) | 3,297,635 (5,232,934) | 4,875,564 (10,187,021) | 2,047,720 (3,766,367) | 1,719,044 | 1,249,916 | 1.29 (1.27–1.31) | 1.24 (1.22–1.26) |
| 12-month total direct medical costs | 5,059,781 (11,305,412) | 1,827,935 (3,780,550) | 3,837,474 (9,796,819) | 1,079,240 (2,504,520) | 1,222,306 | 748,695 | 1.25 (1.23–1.28) | 1.22 (1.20–1.24) |
| 12-month total indirect medical costs | 1,534,827 (2,243,640) | 923,564 (2,281,552) | 1,038,089 (1,617,381) | 489,159 (1,516,140) | 496,738 | 434,405 | 1.42 (1.40–1.44) | 1.35 (1.33–1.37) |
| HZ with complications with exception of PHN* | ||||||||
| 12-month total medical costs per patient | 6,023,894 (10,726,458) | 3,020,137 (4,700,594) | 4,707,882 (9,835,707) | 2,032,280 (3,671,404) | 1,316,012 | 987,857 | 1.22 (1.19–1.24) | 1.19 (1.17–1.21) |
| 12-month total direct medical costs | 4,518,332 (10,193,049) | 1,570,000 (3,198,010) | 3,625,465 (9,430,928) | 1,032,080 (2,386,220) | 892,867 | 537,920 | 1.18 (1.16–1.21) | 1.16 (1.14–1.18) |
| 12-month total indirect medical costs | 1,505,561 (2,085,079) | 1,011,109 (2,210,504) | 1,082,416 (1,606,731) | 598,484 (1,564,802) | 423,145 | 412,625 | 1.33 (1.31–1.36) | 1.29 (1.27–1.30) |
| HZ with PHN | ||||||||
| 12-month total medical costs per patient | 8,538,555 (14,971,969) | 4,449,571 (6,890,280) | 5,447,582 (11,285,215) | 2,106,103 (4,121,175) | 3,090,973 | 2,343,468 | 1.50 (1.44–1.55) | 1.42 (1.37–1.47) |
| 12-month total direct medical costs | 6,904,044 (14,314,396) | 2,866,685 (5,452,040) | 4,560,707 (10,922,820) | 1,245,150 (2,971,205) | 2,343,338 | 1,621,535 | 1.45 (1.39–1.51) | 1.40 (1.35–1.45) |
| 12-month total indirect medical costs | 1,634,510 (2,712,969) | 0 (2,592,329) | 886,874 (1,644,279) | 0 (1,314,869) | 747,635 | 0 | 1.80 (1.73–1.86) | 1.65 (1.60–1.70) |
| HZ without complications* | ||||||||
| 12-month total medical costs per patient | 6,023,199 (11,672,713) | 2,789,406 (4,556,667) | 4,894,332 (10,737,809) | 2,059,941 (3,712,020) | 1,128,867 | 729,465 | 1.17 (1.16–1.19) | 1.16 (1.15–1.18) |
| 12-month total direct medical costs | 4,594,379 (11,205,638) | 1,394,415 (3,136,480) | 3,758,663 (10,303,361) | 1,008,750 (2,379,790) | 835,716 | 385,665 | 1.16 (1.15–1.18) | 1.16 (1.15–1.18) |
| 12-month total indirect medical costs | 1,428,819 (1,855,134) | 997,474 (2,065,940) | 1,135,669 (1,658,935) | 670,296 (1,614,030) | 293,151 | 327,179 | 1.21 (1.19–1.22) | 1.20 (1.19–1.21) |
Cost was adjusted 2020 Korean won using healthcare component of the Korean Consumer Price Index. The exchange rate conversion for KRW to USD based on the 2020 conversion rate from UNCTAD was 1 KRW = 0.00085 USD (UNCTAD STAT. Currency exchange rates, annual 2023 [cited 2023 Oct 19]. Available from https://unctadstat.unctad.org/datacentre/dataviewer/US.ExchangeRateCrosstab)
AID autoimmune disease, CCI Charlson comorbidity index, CI confidence interval, HZ herpes zoster, IC immunocompromised condition, IQR interquartile range, PHN postherpetic neuralgia, SD standard deviation, ₩ Korean Republic won
aMatched according to age group, sex, CCI, and prevalence period of IC/AID
bDifferences of healthcare resource utilization between IC/AID with HZ and matched group
cEstimated by generalized linear model with log-gamma distribution
dAdjusted for age group, sex, medical institution on the index date, CCI score, common comorbidities, medical costs per patient, number of outpatient visits, number of hospitalizations, and mean length of stay per hospitalization within 1 year prior to the index date
eOverall HZ includes individuals diagnosed with HZ with PHN or HZ without complications among individuals with IC/AID and their matched individuals
fHZ with complications included patients diagnosed with both HZ and complications among patients with IC/AID and their matched individuals
gHZ without complications included patients diagnosed with both HZ and B02.9 or only HZ among patients with IC/AID and their matched individuals
*Complications include cutaneous, disseminated, ocular, neurologic, and other complications