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. 2023 Oct 31;35(1):62–71. doi: 10.52312/jdrs.2023.1288

Table 3. Comparison of ultrasonographic and radiographic measurements of AHD and mean values for radiographic measurements of AHD.

  Mean±SD SEM (mm) MDC (mm) Difference (p) ICC 95% CI p
Ultrasonography 10.19±1.46 0.17 0.47   0.98 0.98-0.99 <0.001
      Observer 1, 1st set      
AP 8.14±2.35 1.43 3.95 <0.001 0.63 0.45-0.75 <0.001
True AP 8.50±2.00 1.09 3.00 <0.001 0.70 0.56-0.80 <0.001
Standardized true AP 9.65±1.54 0.77 2.12 <0.001 0.75 0.63-0.83 <0.001
Standardized outlet 9.76±1.98 1.15 3.18 0.002 0.66 0.50-0.77 <0.001
      Observer 1, 2nd set      
AP 9.12±2.14 1.15 3.18 <0.001 0.71 0.57-0.80 <0.001
True AP 8.49±2.08 1.15 3.19 <0.001 0.69 0.54-0.79 <0.001
Standardized true AP 9.47±1.77 0.69 1.90 <0.001 0.75 0.62-0.83 <0.001
Standardized outlet 9.59±2.09 1.30 3.60 <0.001 0.61 0.38-0.72 <0.001
      Observer 2, 1st set      
AP 9.75±2.12 1.19 3.28 <0.001 0.68 0.53-0.78 <0.001
True AP 8.72±2.27 1.35 3.73 <0.001 0.62 0.43-0.74 <0.001
Standardized true AP 10.09±2.03 1.12 3.10 0.853 0.69 0.54-0.79 <0.001
Standardized outlet 10.43±2.27 1.53 4.22 0.636 0.54 0.32-0.69 <0.001
      Observer 2, 2nd set      
AP 9.68±2.13 1.16 3.20 <0.001 0.70 0.56-0.80 <0.001
True AP 8.55±2.34 1.33 3.66 <0.001 0.67 0.52-0.78 <0.001
Standardized true AP 10.21±2.10 1.13 3.11 0.779 0.71 0.57-0.80 <0.001
Standardized outlet 10.36±2.39 1.60 4.42 0.666 0.55 0.33-0.69 0.003
      Observer 3, 1st set      
AP 9.57±1.65 0.97 2.68 <0.001 0.65 0.48-0.76 <0,001
True AP 9.15±1.67 0.98 2.72 <0.001 0.65 0.48-0.76 <0,001
Standardized true AP 9.65±1.89 1.01 2.80 0.002 0.71 0.39-0.72 <0,001
Standardized outlet 9.83±2.13 1.49 4.11 0.036 0.51 0.25-0.66 0,007
      Observer 3, 2nd set      
AP 9.27±1.50 1.05 2.89 <0.001 0.51 0.17-0.62 0,002
True AP 9.33±1.67 1.10 3.04 <0.001 0.56 0.35-0.70 0,001
Standardized true AP 9.43±1.69 0.95 2.62 <0.001 0.68 0.42-0.73 <0,001
Standardized outlet 9.80±1.88 1.36 3.76 0.004 0.47 0.13-0.60 0,004
AHD: Acromiohumeral distance; SD: Standard deviation; SEM: Standard error of mean; MDC: Minimum detectable change; ICC: Interclass correlation coefficient; CI: Confidence interval; AP: Anteroposterior; Difference (p): P value for difference between AHD measurements on ultrasonography and conventional radiographs; * Wilcoxon test-ICC.