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. 2023 Dec 8;7:e50813. doi: 10.2196/50813

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©Fabian Starnecker, Lara Marie Reimer, Leon Nissen, Marko Jovanović, Maximilian Kapsecker, Susanne Rospleszcz, Moritz von Scheidt, Johannes Krefting, Nils Krüger, Benedikt Perl, Jens Wiehler, Ruoyu Sun, Stephan Jonas, Heribert Schunkert. Originally published in JMIR Cardio (https://cardio.jmir.org), 08.12.2023.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Cardio, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://cardio.jmir.org, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.

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The effect of different risk profiles on heart age. This figure shows the effects of cardiovascular risk factors on heart age. Although a healthy man aged 45 years has a heart age of 37 years, and an average man of the same age has a heart age of 45 years, an unhealthy man of the same age can already have a heart age of 69 years. Healthy persona: nonsmoker, nondiabetic, systolic blood pressure (SBP) 125 mm Hg, no blood pressure (BP) treatment, total cholesterol (TC) 170 mg/dL, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) 70 mg/dL. Average persona: nonsmoker, nondiabetic, SBP 130 mm Hg, no BP treatment, TC 200 mg/dL, and HDL-C 50 mg/dL. Unhealthy persona: smoker, nondiabetic, SBP 155 mm Hg, no BP treatment, TC 250 mg/dL, and HDL-C 40 mg/dL.