Table 1.
Demographic and clinical traits at baseline of the entire study population stratified by the presence or absence of abdominal obesity and infection status.
| With Abdominal Obesity (n = 149) | Without Abdominal Obesity (n = 362) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 511) |
Without Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection (n = 76) | With Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection (n = 34) |
SARS-CoV-2 Infection after Vaccine (n = 39) |
p-Value | Without Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection (n = 186) | With Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection (n = 75) | SARS-CoV-2 Infection after Vaccine (n = 101) |
p-Value | |
| Age, years | 44.03 ± 11.88 | 52.02 ± 10.64 | 47.26 ± 9.18 | 48.26 ± 8.28 | 0.0286 | 42.28 ± 12.02 | 41.73 ± 11.20 | 40.15 ± 11.70 | 0.3386 |
| Ethnicity | |||||||||
| Caucasian | 492 (96.28) | 72 (94.74) | 31 (91.18) | 36 (92.31) | 181 (97.31) | 71 (94.67) | 101 (100.00) | ||
| Latin-American | 13 (2.54) | 3 (3.95) | 3 (8.82) | 3 (7.69) | 0.7117 * | 2 (1.08) | 2 (2.67) | 0 (0.00) | 0.2074 * |
| African | 2 (0.39) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (1.08) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | ||
| Arabic | 4 (0.78) | 1 (1.32) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.54) | 2 (2.67) | 0 (0.00) | ||
| Gender | |||||||||
| Male | 166 (32.49) | 30 (39.47) | 8 (23.53) | 14 (35.90) | 0.2656 | 56 (30.11) | 28 (37.33) | 30 (29.70) | 0.4271 |
| Female | 345 (67.51) | 46 (60.53) | 26 (76.47) | 25 (64.10) | 130 (69.89) | 47 (62.67) | 71 (70.30) | ||
| Smoking status | |||||||||
| Smoker | 98 (19.18) | 11 (14.47) | 4 (11.76) | 10 (25.64) | 0.2128 | 36 (19.35) | 11 (16.67) | 26 (25.74) | 0.1794 |
| Non-smoker | 413 (80.82) | 65 (85.53) | 30 (88.24) | 29 (74.36) | 150 (80.65) | 64 (85.33) | 75 (74.26) | ||
| Comorbidities | |||||||||
| Hypertension | 59 (11.55) | 25 (32.89) | 7 (20.59) | 6 (15.38) | 0.0944 | 12 (6.45) | 3 (4.00) | 6 (5.94) | 0.7435 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 4 (0.78) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (5.88) | 0 (0.00) | 0.0509 * | 0 (0.00) | 1 (1.33) | 1 (0.99) | 0.2357 * |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 17 (3.33) | 6 (7.89) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (2.56) | 0.2318 * | 7 (3.76) | 1 (1.33) | 2 (1.98) | 0.5268 * |
| Dyslipidaemia | 32 (6.26) | 9 (11.84) | 4 (11.76) | 5 (12.82) | 1.000 * | 7 (3.76) | 3 (4.00) | 4 (3.96) | 1.000 * |
| Cancer | 3 (0.59) | 1 (1.32) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (2.56) | 1.000 * | 1 (0.54) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1.000 * |
| Anthropometric measurements | |||||||||
| Weight, kg | 70.54 ± 15.12 | 84.08 ± 13.74 | 88.28 ± 16.96 | 80.86 ± 14.45 | 0.1026 | 64.38 ± 11.15 | 65.40 ± 12.29 | 65.53 ± 10.23 | 0.6481 |
| Height, cm | 167.63 ± 8.78 | 168.47 ± 10.54 | 166.14 ± 9.01 | 167.21 ± 8.61 | 0.4903 | 166.91 ± 8.39 | 168·21 ± 8.65 | 168.56 ± 8.10 | 0.2252 |
| Waist, cm | 85.78 ± 13.51 | 100.69 ± 8.76 | 103.26 ± 11.23 | 99.79 ± 9.47 | 0.2745 | 79.61 ± 9.20 | 76.63 ± 9.23 | 79.19 ± 9.22 | 0.9254 |
| Waist male, cm | 94.63 ± 11.85 | 107.25 ± 5.64 | 112.88 ± 9.79 | 107.93 ± 6.56 | 0.1104 | 89.26 ± 7.47 | 87.38 ± 7.93 | 87.75 ± 7.91 | 0.4994 |
| Waist female, cm | 81.52 ± 12.13 | 96.41 ± 7.74 | 100.31 ± 10.05 | 95.24 ± 7.64 | 0.0751 | 75.46 ± 6.31 | 75.02 ± 6.49 | 75.58 ± 7.13 | 0.8975 |
| WHtR | 0.51 ± 0.08 | 0.60 ± 0.05 | 0.62 ± 0.06 | 0.60 ± 0.05 | 0.0589 | 0.48 ± 0.05 | 0.47 ± 0.05 | 0.47 ± 0.05 | 0.5170 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.00 ± 4.45 | 29.53 ± 3.28 | 31.79 ± 4.39 | 28.81 ± 3.76 | 0.00019 | 23.02 ± 2.91 | 22.96 ± 2.87 | 23.02 ± 2.89 | 0.9869 |
| BMI classes | |||||||||
| Underweight | 20 (3.91) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 12 (6.45) | 2 (2.67) | 6 (5.94) | ||
| Normal weight | 265 (51.86) | 7 (9.21) | 1 (2.94) | 7 (17.95) | 0.0951 * | 129 (69.35) | 51 (68.00) | 70 (69.31) | 0.8376 * |
| Overweight | 156 (30.53) | 34 (44.74) | 13 (38.24) | 20 (51.28) | 43 (23.12) | 22 (29.33) | 24 (23.76) | ||
| Obesity | 70 (13.70) | 35 (46.05) | 20(58.82) | 12 (30.77) | 2 (1.08) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.99) | ||
* Fisher test. Abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥102 cm for men, ≥88 cm for women); no abdominal obesity (waist circumference < 102 cm for men, <88 cm for women); waist-to-height ratio (WHtR); Body Mass Index (BMI); underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2); normal weight (BMI from 18.5 to <25 kg/m2); overweight (BMI from 25 to <30 kg/m2); obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Antibody levels are expressed as BAU/mL (BAU, Binding Antibody Units) and are presented as the geometric mean [95% confidence interval]. Data are n (%), mean (SD).