Table 1.
Anthropometry, sociodemographic, household and parental information and children’s behavior patterns.
| Category | Variables | Total (n = 575) | Variables | Total (n = 575) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropometry | Age, years | 9.5 ± 3.0 | Male, n (%) | 298 (51.8%) |
| Age, years | Urban, n (%) | 299 (52.0%) | ||
| 0–3 | 20 (3.5%) | Weight, kg | 34.5 ± 14.0 | |
| 4–6 | 96 (16.7%) | Breast feeding, n (%) | 538 (93.6%) | |
| 7–14 | 459 (79.8%) | Preterm birth, n (%) | 34 (5.9%) | |
| Socioeconomic factor | Sleep in own room, n (%) | 365 (63.5%) | Father education level, ≥College, n (%) | 386 (68.4%) |
| Sleep in own bed, n (%) | 432 (75.1%) | Mother education level, ≥College, n (%) | 383 (67.9%) | |
| Paternal occupation, n (%) | Maternal occupation, n (%) | |||
| White collar 1 | 380 (67.4%) | White collar 1 | 383 (67.9%) | |
| Blue collar 2 | 114 (20.2%) | Blue collar 2 | 79 (14.0%) | |
| Others | 70 (12.4%) | Others | 102 (18.1%) | |
| Personal activity pattern | Physical exercise time, min/day | ETS exposure, n (%) | 396 (68.9%) | |
| ≤30 | 146 (25.4%) | Air pollution exposure in commuting, n (%) | 380 (67.0%) | |
| 30–60 | 242 (42.1%) | |||
| >60 | 187 (32.5%) | |||
| Parental factors | Paternal smoking, n (%) | 331 (57.6%) | Maternal smoking, n (%) | 11 (2.0%) |
| Paternal asthma, n (%) | 10 (1.8%) | Maternal asthma, n (%) | 11 (2.0%) | |
| Paternal bronchitis, n (%) | 39 (6.9%) | Maternal bronchitis, n (%) | 47 (8.3%) | |
| Household factors | Building type, n (%) | Air fresheners use, n (%) | 302 (52.5%) | |
| Bungalow | 19.7% | Air purifier use, n (%) | 268 (46.6%) | |
| Department | 75.5% | Heating duration, months | 4.8 ± 1.5 | |
| Villa | 4.9% | Window opening time in spring 3 | 6.7 ± 5.3 | |
| Household coal use, n (%) | 77 (13.4%) | Window opening time in summer 3 | 9.4 ± 6.8 | |
| Ventilation use for cooking, n (%) | 529 (92.0%) | Window opening time in autumn 3 | 6.7 ± 5.1 | |
| Enclosed kitchen, n (%) | 418 (27.3%) | Window opening time in winter 3 | 3.3 ± 3.7 | |
| Home renovation, n (%) | 137 (23.8%) | Air conditioning use time in spring 3 | 1.1 ± 2.5 | |
| Presence of pets, n (%) | 366 (63.7%) | Air conditioning use time in summer 3 | 8.0 ± 6.0 | |
| Presence of mold, n (%) | 178 (31.0%) | Air conditioning use time in autumn 3 | 1.4 ± 2.7 | |
| Mosquito coil use, n (%) | 412 (71.7%) | Air conditioning use time in winter 3 | 3.9 ± 5.4 | |
| Environmental factors | Polluted air in living area, n (%) | 147 (25.6%) | Dry humidity in spring, n (%) | 174 (30.3%) |
| Close to waste incineration plant, n (%) | 50 (8.7%) | Dry humidity in summer, n (%) | 223 (38.8%) | |
| Distance to main road within 500 m, n (%) | 330 (57.4%) | Dry humidity in autumn, n (%) | 268 (46.6%) | |
| Dry humidity in winter, n (%) | 387 (67.3%) |
Values are mean (SD) or number (percentage %). 1 “White collar” includes teacher, businessperson, clerk, housewife (few cases), and other non-manual laborer occupations. 2 “Blue collar” refers to factory worker, construction worker, building cleaning worker, farmer, and other manual laborer occupations. 3 The time is counted in hours/day.